@22221cjp 2016-08-17T15:26:41.000000Z 字数 10609 阅读 3270

docker基本命令

docker

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交互式容器

//查看运行中的容器
chenjp@chenjp ~> docker ps 
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
//以交互的方式启动一个容器
chenjp@chenjp ~> docker run -i -t ubuntu /bin/bash
root@e7c0d3fb4db2:/# ls
bin  boot  core  dev  etc  home  lib  lib64  media  mnt  opt  proc  root  run  sbin  srv  sys  tmp  usr  var
root@e7c0d3fb4db2:/# exit
exit
//指定一个名字给容器，并以交互方式启动
chenjp@chenjp ~> docker run --name=container01 -i -t ubuntu /bin/bash
root@43f4830b9979:/# exit
exit
chenjp@chenjp ~> 
//查看所有容器，包括没有运行的
chenjp@chenjp ~> docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                CREATED             STATUS                      PORTS               NAMES
43f4830b9979        ubuntu              "/bin/bash"            6 seconds ago       Exited (0) 3 seconds ago                        container01
e7c0d3fb4db2        ubuntu              "/bin/bash"            4 minutes ago       Exited (0) 44 seconds ago                       kickass_galileo
a472c6897f70        ubuntu              "/bin/bash"            5 minutes ago       Exited (0) 5 minutes ago                        nauseous_northcutt
a8c5642b8917        ubuntu              "echo 'hello world'"   17 hours ago        Exited (0) 17 hours ago                         elated_rosalind
//查看一个容器的详细信息
chenjp@chenjp ~> docker inspect container01
[
    {
        "Id": "43f4830b9979dc67eadb4c59a3b7623eff64df4f10d7320893ee5d08791eb727",
        "Created": "2016-06-29T04:10:53.973189611Z",
        "Path": "/bin/bash",
        "Args": [],
        ......
]
chenjp@chenjp ~> docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                CREATED             STATUS                          PORTS               NAMES
43f4830b9979        ubuntu              "/bin/bash"            49 seconds ago      Exited (0) 46 seconds ago                           container01
e7c0d3fb4db2        ubuntu              "/bin/bash"            5 minutes ago       Exited (0) About a minute ago                       kickass_galileo
a472c6897f70        ubuntu              "/bin/bash"            6 minutes ago       Exited (0) 5 minutes ago                            nauseous_northcutt
a8c5642b8917        ubuntu              "echo 'hello world'"   17 hours ago        Exited (0) 17 hours ago                             elated_rosalind
chenjp@chenjp ~> 
//启动一个已有的容器
chenjp@chenjp ~> docker start -i container01
root@43f4830b9979:/# exit
exit
//删除一个容器
chenjp@chenjp ~> docker rm a472c6897f70
a472c6897f70
chenjp@chenjp ~> docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                CREATED             STATUS                      PORTS               NAMES
43f4830b9979        ubuntu              "/bin/bash"            2 minutes ago       Exited (0) 34 seconds ago                       container01
e7c0d3fb4db2        ubuntu              "/bin/bash"            6 minutes ago       Exited (0) 2 minutes ago                        kickass_galileo
a8c5642b8917        ubuntu              "echo 'hello world'"   17 hours ago        Exited (0) 17 hours ago                         elated_rosalind
chenjp@chenjp ~>

对容器的理解

docker容器可以理解为在沙盒中运行的进程。这个沙盒包含了该进程运行所必须的资源，包括文件系统、系统类库、shell 环境等等。但这个沙盒默认是不会运行任何程序的。你需要在沙盒中运行一个进程来启动某一个容器。这个进程是该容器的唯一进程，所以当该进程结束的时候，容器也会完全的停止。
所以每次运行一个命令，就会启动一个新的容器，命令执行完，容器也停止运行。

命令

在容器中运行"echo"命令，输出"hello word"
$docker run image_name echo "hello word"

交互式进入容器中
$docker run -i -t image_name /bin/bash

在容器中安装新的程序
$docker run image_name apt-get install -y app_name

Note：在执行apt-get 命令的时候，要带上-y参数。如果不指定-y参数的话，apt-get命令会进入交互模式，需要用户输入命令来进行确认，但在docker环境中是无法响应这种交互的。apt-get 命令执行完毕之后，容器就会停止，但对容器的改动不会丢失。

列出当前所有正在运行的container
$docker ps
列出所有的container
$docker ps -a
列出最近一次启动的container
$docker ps -l

守护式容器

//先启动一个交互式容器
chenjp@chenjp ~> docker run -i -t ubuntu /bin/bash
root@2382e8592761:/# 
root@2382e8592761:/# 
//ctrl+p,ctrl+q退出容器，这样容器在后台还是运行的
root@2382e8592761:/# ⏎                                                                                                                                                               chenjp@chenjp ~> 
//可以看到正在运行的容器
chenjp@chenjp ~> docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
2382e8592761        ubuntu              "/bin/bash"         10 seconds ago      Up 9 seconds                            thirsty_shockley
//attach命令进入正在运行的容器
chenjp@chenjp ~> docker attach 2382e859276
root@2382e8592761:/# 
root@2382e8592761:/# exit
exit
chenjp@chenjp ~> docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
//-d 选项启动一个后台运行的容器
chenjp@chenjp ~> docker run --name dc1 -d ubuntu /bin/bash -c "while true;do echo hello world;sleep 1;done"
be5d51c595ad3d48d2d3f4cc59d0b66b7d37ddf880c932c43a8dc231652f7fb8
chenjp@chenjp ~> docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
be5d51c595ad        ubuntu              "/bin/bash -c 'while "   4 seconds ago       Up 4 seconds                            dc1
//查看后台运行进程的输出
chenjp@chenjp ~> docker logs dc1
hello world
hello world
hello world
hello world
hello world
//-t 参数加上时间戳
chenjp@chenjp ~> docker logs -t dc1
2016-06-29T04:39:27.577351874Z hello world
2016-06-29T04:39:28.586155642Z hello world
2016-06-29T04:39:29.592244369Z hello world
2016-06-29T04:39:30.596451294Z hello world
2016-06-29T04:39:31.599440130Z hello world
2016-06-29T04:39:32.600847783Z hello world
2016-06-29T04:39:33.602869388Z hello world
2016-06-29T04:39:34.606732679Z hello world
2016-06-29T04:39:35.611214345Z hello world
2016-06-29T04:39:36.615387406Z hello world
2016-06-29T04:39:37.619017518Z hello world
2016-06-29T04:39:38.622770002Z hello world
2016-06-29T04:39:39.629660081Z hello world
2016-06-29T04:39:40.633735385Z hello world
2016-06-29T04:39:41.639099510Z hello world
2016-06-29T04:39:42.643882643Z hello world
2016-06-29T04:39:43.648979443Z hello world
2016-06-29T04:39:44.652386880Z hello world
2016-06-29T04:39:45.658231737Z hello world
2016-06-29T04:39:46.661891560Z hello world
//-f参数结尾处追踪日志变化
chenjp@chenjp ~> docker logs -tf dc1
2016-06-29T04:39:27.577351874Z hello world
2016-06-29T04:39:28.586155642Z hello world
2016-06-29T04:39:29.592244369Z hello world
2016-06-29T04:39:30.596451294Z hello world
2016-06-29T04:39:31.599440130Z hello world
2016-06-29T04:39:32.600847783Z hello world
2016-06-29T04:39:33.602869388Z hello world
2016-06-29T04:39:34.606732679Z hello world
2016-06-29T04:39:35.611214345Z hello world
2016-06-29T04:39:36.615387406Z hello world
2016-06-29T04:39:37.619017518Z hello world
2016-06-29T04:39:38.622770002Z hello world
2016-06-29T04:39:39.629660081Z hello world
2016-06-29T04:39:40.633735385Z hello world
2016-06-29T04:39:41.639099510Z hello world
2016-06-29T04:39:42.643882643Z hello world
2016-06-29T04:39:43.648979443Z hello world
2016-06-29T04:39:44.652386880Z hello world
2016-06-29T04:39:45.658231737Z hello world
2016-06-29T04:39:46.661891560Z hello world
2016-06-29T04:39:47.666111271Z hello world
2016-06-29T04:39:48.672527925Z hello world
2016-06-29T04:39:49.691585586Z hello world
2016-06-29T04:39:50.701563422Z hello world
2016-06-29T04:39:51.708281812Z hello world
^C⏎                                                                                                             
//-tail 10 查看最后10条日志，并追踪日志结尾的变化
chenjp@chenjp ~> docker logs -tf --tail 10 dc1
2016-06-29T04:41:45.253501976Z hello world
2016-06-29T04:41:46.257801323Z hello world
2016-06-29T04:41:47.265063096Z hello world
2016-06-29T04:41:48.270734023Z hello world
2016-06-29T04:41:49.277254086Z hello world
2016-06-29T04:41:50.282140475Z hello world
2016-06-29T04:41:51.292175575Z hello world
2016-06-29T04:41:52.298688571Z hello world
2016-06-29T04:41:53.302544576Z hello world
2016-06-29T04:41:54.307738459Z hello world
2016-06-29T04:41:55.310530133Z hello world
2016-06-29T04:41:56.312541632Z hello world
2016-06-29T04:41:57.316037117Z hello world
2016-06-29T04:41:58.318919076Z hello world
2016-06-29T04:41:59.321621337Z hello world
2016-06-29T04:42:00.325557087Z hello world
^C⏎      
//只看最新的日志，且追踪
chenjp@chenjp ~> docker logs -tf --tail 0 dc1
2016-06-29T04:42:05.349032121Z hello world
2016-06-29T04:42:06.353431628Z hello world
2016-06-29T04:42:07.360419029Z hello world
2016-06-29T04:42:08.361967427Z hello world
^C⏎                                                                                                        
//查看容器中的进程
chenjp@chenjp ~> docker top dc1
PID                 USER                TIME                COMMAND
1936                root                0:00                /bin/bash -c while true;do echo hello world;sleep 1;done
2133                root                0:00                sleep 1
//在容器中启动新的进程
chenjp@chenjp ~> docker exec -i -t dc1 /bin/bash
root@be5d51c595ad:/# ⏎                                                                                                                                                               chenjp@chenjp ~> 
chenjp@chenjp ~> docker top dc1
PID                 USER                TIME                COMMAND
1936                root                0:00                /bin/bash -c while true;do echo hello world;sleep 1;done
2292                root                0:00                /bin/bash
2308                root                0:00                sleep 1
chenjp@chenjp ~> docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
be5d51c595ad        ubuntu              "/bin/bash -c 'while "   6 minutes ago       Up 6 minutes                            dc1
//再启动一个后台运行的容器
chenjp@chenjp ~> docker run -i -t ubuntu /bin/bash
root@121e68b5999a:/# 
root@121e68b5999a:/# ⏎                                                                                                                                                               chenjp@chenjp ~> 
chenjp@chenjp ~> docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
121e68b5999a        ubuntu              "/bin/bash"              6 seconds ago       Up 6 seconds                            goofy_pike
be5d51c595ad        ubuntu              "/bin/bash -c 'while "   6 minutes ago       Up 6 minutes                            dc1
//stop温和的方式停止一个后台容器
chenjp@chenjp ~> docker stop 121e68b5999a
121e68b5999a
chenjp@chenjp ~> docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
be5d51c595ad        ubuntu              "/bin/bash -c 'while "   7 minutes ago       Up 7 minutes                            dc1
//kill 直接杀死后台运行的容器
chenjp@chenjp ~> docker kill be5d51c595ad
be5d51c595ad
chenjp@chenjp ~> 
chenjp@chenjp ~> docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
chenjp@chenjp ~>

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在容器中部署静态网站

//启动一个容器，将容器的80端口映射出来，这种方式映射到宿主机的随机端口
chenjp@chenjp ~> docker run -p 80 --name=web -i -t ubuntu /bin/bash
//在容器中安装nginx，发现装不上
root@d424f8733558:/# apt-get install -y nginx
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
E: Unable to locate package nginx
//udpate下
root@d424f8733558:/# apt-get update
Get:1 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial InRelease [247 kB]
......                                                                                         
Fetched 23.5 MB in 2min 15s (174 kB/s)                                                                                                                                              
Reading package lists... Done
//这下可以正常安装nginx了
root@d424f8733558:/# apt-get install -y nginx
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
The following additional packages will be installed:
......
Processing triggers for systemd (229-4ubuntu6) ...
root@d424f8733558:/# ⏎                               
chenjp@chenjp ~> docker ps -a -l
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS                     PORTS                   NAMES
d424f8733558        ubuntu              "/bin/bash"         7 hours ago         Exited (0) 8 minutes ago   0.0.0.0:32768->80/tcp   web
chenjp@chenjp ~> docker attach d424f8733558
You cannot attach to a stopped container, start it first
//这中间隔了好久。容器已经停止了，重新启动下
chenjp@chenjp ~> docker start -i d424f8733558
root@d424f8733558:/# whereis nginx
nginx: /usr/sbin/nginx /etc/nginx /usr/share/nginx
root@d424f8733558:/# cd /etc/nginx/conf.d/
root@d424f8733558:/etc/nginx/conf.d# ls
root@d424f8733558:/etc/nginx/conf.d# cd ..
//没有vim命令，安装下
root@d424f8733558:/etc/nginx# vim nginx.conf 
bash: vim: command not found
root@d424f8733558:/etc/nginx# apt-get install -y vim
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
The following additional packages will be installed:
......
Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.23-0ubuntu3) ...
root@d424f8733558:/etc/nginx# whereis vim
vim: /usr/bin/vim /usr/bin/vim.basic /etc/vim /usr/share/vim /usr/share/man/man1/vim.1.gz
root@d424f8733558:/etc/nginx# ls 
conf.d  fastcgi.conf  fastcgi_params  koi-utf  koi-win  mime.types  nginx.conf  proxy_params  scgi_params  sites-available  sites-enabled  snippets  uwsgi_params  win-utf
root@d424f8733558:/etc/nginx# vim nginx.conf 
root@d424f8733558:/etc/nginx# mkdir -p /var/www/html        root@d424f8733558:/etc/nginx# cd /var/www/html/
// 这个路径/var/www/html就是nginx的默认服务路径
root@d424f8733558:/var/www/html# ls
index.nginx-debian.html
root@d424f8733558:/var/www/html# vim index.html 
//启动nginx
root@d424f8733558:/var/www/html# service nginx status
 * nginx is not running
root@d424f8733558:/var/www/html# service nginx start
 * Starting nginx nginx                                                                                                                                                       [ OK ] 
root@d424f8733558:/var/www/html# service nginx status
 * nginx is running
root@d424f8733558:/var/www/html# ⏎                                                                                                                                                   chenjp@chenjp ~> 
chenjp@chenjp ~> 
//ctrl+p和ctrl+q退出，后台运行容器
chenjp@chenjp ~> docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS                   NAMES
d424f8733558        ubuntu              "/bin/bash"         7 hours ago         Up 8 minutes        0.0.0.0:32768->80/tcp   web
//查看容器的映射端口
chenjp@chenjp ~> docker port web
80/tcp -> 0.0.0.0:32768
//查看容器中的进程
chenjp@chenjp ~> docker top web
PID                 USER                TIME                COMMAND
1574                root                0:00                /bin/bash
1864                root                0:00                nginx: master process /usr/sbin/nginx
1865                xfs                 0:00                nginx: worker process
1866                xfs                 0:00                nginx: worker process                                       chenjp@chenjp ~> curl http://127.0.0.1:32768
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Welcome to nginx!</title>
<style>
    body {
        width: 35em;
        margin: 0 auto;
        font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif;
    }
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Welcome to nginx!</h1>
<h1>Nginx in docker</h1>
<p>If you see this page, the nginx web server is successfully installed and
working. Further configuration is required.</p>
<p>For online documentation and support please refer to
<a href="http://nginx.org/">nginx.org</a>.<br/>
Commercial support is available at
<a href="http://nginx.com/">nginx.com</a>.</p>
<p><em>Thank you for using nginx.</em></p>
</body>
</html>
chenjp@chenjp ~>

浏览器访问截图如下：
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本节课中的命令截图

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