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@MiloXia 2015-03-23T10:38:54.000000Z 字数 13239 阅读 3713

Java Fork Join框架

并发

论文

Fork&Join框架的论文：http://gee.cs.oswego.edu/dl/papers/fj.pdf
论文翻译：http://ifeve.com/a-java-fork-join-framework/

Work−Stealing

局限性

Fork/Join框架执行的任务有以下局限性：

核心类

Fork/Join框架的核心是由以下两个类：

ForkJoinPool：它实现ExecutorService接口和work-stealing算法。它管理工作线程和提供关于任务的状态和它们执行的信息。
ForkJoinTask： 它是将在ForkJoinPool中执行的任务的基类。它提供在任务中执行fork()和join()操作的机制，并且这两个方法控制任务的状态。通常， 为了实现你的Fork/Join任务，你将实现两个子类的子类的类：RecursiveAction对于没有返回结果的任务和RecursiveTask 对于返回结果的任务。

基本使用方法

使用fork/join框架的第一步是编写执行一部分工作的代码。你的代码结构看起来应该与下面所示的伪代码类似：

  1. if (当前这个任务工作量足够小)
  2.     直接完成这个任务
  3. else
  4.     将这个任务或这部分工作分解成两个部分
  5.     分别触发(invoke)这两个子任务的执行，并等待结

你需要将这段代码包裹在一个ForkJoinTask的子类中。不过，通常情况下会使用一种更为具体的的类型，或者是RecursiveTask(会返回一个结果)，或者是RecursiveAction。
当你的ForkJoinTask子类准备好了，创建一个代表所有需要完成工作的对象，然后将其作为参数传递给一个ForkJoinPool实例的invoke()方法即可。

详细例子

Fork/Join框架（二）创建一个Fork/Join池 http://ifeve.com/fork-join-2/
Fork/Join框架（四）异步运行任务 http://ifeve.com/fork-join-4/

异步运行任务

当你在ForkJoinPool中执行ForkJoinTask时，你可以使用同步或异步方式来实现。
当你使用同步方法，调用这些方法（比如：invokeAll()方法）的任务将被阻塞，直到提交给池的任务完成它的执行。这允许ForkJoinPool类使用work-stealing算法，分配一个新的任务给正在执行睡眠任务的工作线程。反之，当你使用异步方法（比如：fork()方法），这个任务将继续它的执行，所以ForkJoinPool类不能使用work-stealing算法来提高应用程序的性能。在这种情况下，只有当你调用join()或get()方法来等待任务的完成时，ForkJoinPool才能使用work-stealing算法。

jdk源码解析

http://www.molotang.com/articles/696.html
http://ifeve.com/talk-concurrency-forkjoin/

Akka ActorSystem与ForkJoinPool

ActorSystem初始化时

  1. //读取配置文件创建dispatchers（默认的配置文件只有一个dispatcher）
  2. val dispatchers: Dispatchers = new Dispatchers(settings, DefaultDispatcherPrerequisites(
  3.     threadFactory, eventStream, scheduler, dynamicAccess, settings, mailboxes, defaultExecutionContext))
  4. //返回默认的dispatcher （可在配置里更改）
  5.   val dispatcher: ExecutionContextExecutor = dispatchers.defaultGlobalDispatcher

new Dispatchers(...)中

  1. //读取配置文件
  2. val defaultDispatcherConfig: Config =
  3.     idConfig(DefaultDispatcherId).withFallback(settings.config.getConfig(DefaultDispatcherId))

配置文件为：

  1. default-dispatcher {
  2.  executor=thread-pool-executor.
  3.       type = "Dispatcher"
  4.       executor = "default-executor"
  5.       default-executor {
  6.         #默认为forkjoinpool jdk7才支持
  7.         fallback = "fork-join-executor"
  8.       }
  9.       # forkjoinpool默认线程数 max(min(cpu线程数 * 3.0, 64), 8)
  10.       fork-join-executor {
  11.         parallelism-min = 8
  12.         parallelism-factor = 3.0
  13.         parallelism-max = 64
  14.       }
  15.       ......
  16. }

ActorSystem中
val dispatcher: ExecutionContextExecutor = dispatchers.defaultGlobalDispatcher
中的defaultGlobalDispatcher方法

  1. def defaultGlobalDispatcher: MessageDispatcher = lookup(DefaultDispatcherId)

lookup调用了lookupConfigurator(id).dispatcher()

  1. private def lookupConfigurator(id: String): MessageDispatcherConfigurator = {
  2.     dispatcherConfigurators.get(id) match {
  3.       case null ⇒
  4.         // It doesn't matter if we create a dispatcher configurator that isn't used due to concurrent lookup.
  5.         // That shouldn't happen often and in case it does the actual ExecutorService isn't
  6.         // created until used, i.e. cheap.
  7.         val newConfigurator =
  8.           if (cachingConfig.hasPath(id)) configuratorFrom(config(id))
  9.           else throw new ConfigurationException(s"Dispatcher [$id] not configured")
  11.         dispatcherConfigurators.putIfAbsent(id, newConfigurator) match {
  12.           case null     ⇒ newConfigurator
  13.           case existing ⇒ existing
  14.         }
  16.       case existing ⇒ existing
  17.     }
  18.   }

主要是configuratorFrom方法

  1. private def configuratorFrom(cfg: Config): MessageDispatcherConfigurator = {
  2.     if (!cfg.hasPath("id")) throw new ConfigurationException("Missing dispatcher 'id' property in config: " + cfg.root.render)
  4.     cfg.getString("type") match {
  5.       case "Dispatcher" ⇒ new DispatcherConfigurator(cfg, prerequisites)
  6.       case "BalancingDispatcher" ⇒
  7.         // FIXME remove this case in 2.4
  8.         throw new IllegalArgumentException("BalancingDispatcher is deprecated, use a BalancingPool instead. " +
  9.           "During a migration period you can still use BalancingDispatcher by specifying the full class name: " +
  10.           classOf[BalancingDispatcherConfigurator].getName)
  11.       case "PinnedDispatcher" ⇒ new PinnedDispatcherConfigurator(cfg, prerequisites)
  12.       case fqn ⇒
  13.         val args = List(classOf[Config] -> cfg, classOf[DispatcherPrerequisites] -> prerequisites)
  14.         prerequisites.dynamicAccess.createInstanceFor[MessageDispatcherConfigurator](fqn, args).recover({
  15.           case exception ⇒
  16.             throw new ConfigurationException(
  17.               ("Cannot instantiate MessageDispatcherConfigurator type [%s], defined in [%s], " +
  18.                 "make sure it has constructor with [com.typesafe.config.Config] and " +
  19.                 "[akka.dispatch.DispatcherPrerequisites] parameters")
  20.                 .format(fqn, cfg.getString("id")), exception)
  21.         }).get
  22.     }
  23.   }

根据配置"type"为"Dispatcher" 则为new DispatcherConfigurator
DispatcherConfigurator类创建了

  1. private val instance = new Dispatcher(
  2.     this,
  3.     config.getString("id"),
  4.     config.getInt("throughput"),
  5.     config.getNanosDuration("throughput-deadline-time"),
  6.     configureExecutor(),
  7.     config.getMillisDuration("shutdown-timeout"))
  9.   /**
  10.    * Returns the same dispatcher instance for each invocation
  11.    */
  12.   override def dispatcher(): MessageDispatcher = instance

来看Dispatcher类 "throughput"和"throughput-deadline-time"干嘛用后面会说
这类定义了dispatch方法用来执行mailbox[后面会说到]还有createMailbox创建mailbox
其父类MessageDispatcher定义了将actor加入dispatcher的attach方法
new Dispatcher 类时的configureExecutor()方法创建了forkjoinpool

  1. def configureExecutor(): ExecutorServiceConfigurator = {
  2.     def configurator(executor: String): ExecutorServiceConfigurator = executor match {
  3.       case null | "" | "fork-join-executor" ⇒ new ForkJoinExecutorConfigurator(config.getConfig("fork-join-executor"), prerequisites)
  4.       case "thread-pool-executor"           ⇒ new ThreadPoolExecutorConfigurator(config.getConfig("thread-pool-executor"), prerequisites)
  5.       case fqcn ⇒
  6.         val args = List(
  7.           classOf[Config] -> config,
  8.           classOf[DispatcherPrerequisites] -> prerequisites)
  9.         prerequisites.dynamicAccess.createInstanceFor[ExecutorServiceConfigurator](fqcn, args).recover({
  10.           case exception ⇒ throw new IllegalArgumentException(
  11.             ("""Cannot instantiate ExecutorServiceConfigurator ("executor = [%s]"), defined in [%s],
  12.                 make sure it has an accessible constructor with a [%s,%s] signature""")
  13.               .format(fqcn, config.getString("id"), classOf[Config], classOf[DispatcherPrerequisites]), exception)
  14.         }).get
  15.     }
  17.     config.getString("executor") match {
  18.       case "default-executor" ⇒ new DefaultExecutorServiceConfigurator(config.getConfig("default-executor"), prerequisites, configurator(config.getString("default-executor.fallback")))
  19.       case other              ⇒ configurator(other)
  20.     }
  21.   }

根据配置直接走new ForkJoinExecutorConfigurator 看看这个类

  1. class ForkJoinExecutorServiceFactory(val threadFactory: ForkJoinPool.ForkJoinWorkerThreadFactory,
  2.                                        val parallelism: Int) extends ExecutorServiceFactory {
  3.     def createExecutorService: ExecutorService = new AkkaForkJoinPool(parallelism, threadFactory, MonitorableThreadFactory.doNothing)
  4.   }
  5. final def createExecutorServiceFactory(id: String, threadFactory: ThreadFactory): ExecutorServiceFactory = {
  6.     val tf = threadFactory match {
  7.       case m: MonitorableThreadFactory ⇒
  8.         // add the dispatcher id to the thread names
  9.         m.withName(m.name + "-" + id)
  10.       case other ⇒ other
  11.     }
  12.     new ForkJoinExecutorServiceFactory(
  13.       validate(tf),
  14.       ThreadPoolConfig.scaledPoolSize(
  15.         config.getInt("parallelism-min"),
  16.         config.getDouble("parallelism-factor"),
  17.         config.getInt("parallelism-max")))
  18.   }

new ForkJoinExecutorServiceFactory 提供了线程池的factory
读取了几个计算初始线程池大小的参数 会创建 AkkaForkJoinPool
继续回到configureExecutor()方法的
case "default-executor" ⇒ new DefaultExecutorServiceConfigurator
来看看DefaultExecutorServiceConfigurator

  1. val provider: ExecutorServiceFactoryProvider =
  2.     prerequisites.defaultExecutionContext match {
  3.       case Some(ec) ⇒
  4.         prerequisites.eventStream.publish(....)
  6.         new AbstractExecutorService with ExecutorServiceFactory with ExecutorServiceFactoryProvider {
  7.           def createExecutorServiceFactory(id: String, threadFactory: ThreadFactory): ExecutorServiceFactory = this
  8.           def createExecutorService: ExecutorService = this
  9.           def shutdown(): Unit = ()
  10.           def isTerminated: Boolean = false
  11.           def awaitTermination(timeout: Long, unit: TimeUnit): Boolean = false
  12.           def shutdownNow(): ju.List[Runnable] = ju.Collections.emptyList()
  13.           def execute(command: Runnable): Unit = ec.execute(command)
  14.           def isShutdown: Boolean = false
  15.         }
  16.       case None ⇒ fallback
  17.     }

provider被初始化为AbstractExecutorService的匿名实例 根据配置为ForkJoinPool

下面看看actorOf 创建Actor时的逻辑

  1. try {
  2.           val dispatcher = system.dispatchers.lookup(props2.dispatcher)
  3.           val mailboxType = system.mailboxes.getMailboxType(props2, dispatcher.configurator.config)
  5.           if (async) new RepointableActorRef(system, props2, dispatcher, mailboxType, supervisor, path).initialize(async)
  6.           else new LocalActorRef(system, props2, dispatcher, mailboxType, supervisor, path)
  7.         } catch {
  8.           case NonFatal(e) ⇒ throw new ConfigurationException(
  9.             s"configuration problem while creating [$path] with dispatcher [${props2.dispatcher}] and mailbox [${props2.mailbox}]", e)
  10.         }

跟进任何一种ref 来看看RepointableActorRef

  1. def newCell(old: UnstartedCell): Cell =
  2.     new ActorCell(system, this, props, dispatcher, supervisor).init(sendSupervise = false, mailboxType)

ActorCell的init

  1. final def init(sendSupervise: Boolean, mailboxType: MailboxType): this.type = {
  2.     /*
  3.      * Create the mailbox and enqueue the Create() message to ensure that
  4.      * this is processed before anything else.
  5.      */
  6.     val mbox = dispatcher.createMailbox(this, mailboxType)
  8.     /*
  9.      * The mailboxType was calculated taking into account what the MailboxType
  10.      * has promised to produce. If that was more than the default, then we need
  11.      * to reverify here because the dispatcher may well have screwed it up.
  12.      */
  13.     // we need to delay the failure to the point of actor creation so we can handle
  14.     // it properly in the normal way
  15.     val actorClass = props.actorClass
  16.     val createMessage = mailboxType match {
  17.       case _: ProducesMessageQueue[_] if system.mailboxes.hasRequiredType(actorClass) ⇒
  18.         val req = system.mailboxes.getRequiredType(actorClass)
  19.         if (req isInstance mbox.messageQueue) Create(None)
  20.         else {
  21.           val gotType = if (mbox.messageQueue == null) "null" else mbox.messageQueue.getClass.getName
  22.           Create(Some(ActorInitializationException(self,
  23.             s"Actor [$self] requires mailbox type [$req] got [$gotType]")))
  24.         }
  25.       case _ ⇒ Create(None)
  26.     }
  28.     swapMailbox(mbox)
  29.     mailbox.setActor(this)
  31.     // ➡➡➡ NEVER SEND THE SAME SYSTEM MESSAGE OBJECT TO TWO ACTORS ⬅⬅⬅
  32.     mailbox.systemEnqueue(self, createMessage)
  34.     if (sendSupervise) {
  35.       // ➡➡➡ NEVER SEND THE SAME SYSTEM MESSAGE OBJECT TO TWO ACTORS ⬅⬅⬅
  36.       parent.sendSystemMessage(akka.dispatch.sysmsg.Supervise(self, async = false))
  37.     }
  38.     this
  39.   }

dispatcher.createMailbox(this, mailboxType) 创建mailbox
mailbox.setActor(this) mailbox注册到当前的actorCell中
当Cell start时

  1. def start(): this.type = {
  2.     // This call is expected to start off the actor by scheduling its mailbox.
  3.     dispatcher.attach(this)
  4.     this
  5.   }

dispatcher.attach 这个actor

再来看看Mailbox的run方法

  1. override final def run(): Unit = {
  2.     try {
  3.       if (!isClosed) { //Volatile read, needed here
  4.         processAllSystemMessages() //First, deal with any system messages
  5.         processMailbox() //Then deal with messages
  6.       }
  7.     } finally {
  8.       setAsIdle() //Volatile write, needed here
  9.       dispatcher.registerForExecution(this, false, false)
  10.     }
  11.   }

只看 processMailbox()

  1. @tailrec private final def processMailbox(
  2.     left: Int = java.lang.Math.max(dispatcher.throughput, 1),
  3.     deadlineNs: Long = if (dispatcher.isThroughputDeadlineTimeDefined == true) System.nanoTime + dispatcher.throughputDeadlineTime.toNanos else 0L): Unit =
  4.     if (shouldProcessMessage) {
  5.       val next = dequeue()
  6.       if (next ne null) {
  7.         if (Mailbox.debug) println(actor.self + " processing message " + next)
  8.         actor invoke next
  9.         if (Thread.interrupted())
  10.           throw new InterruptedException("Interrupted while processing actor messages")
  11.         processAllSystemMessages()
  12.         if ((left > 1) && ((dispatcher.isThroughputDeadlineTimeDefined == false) || (System.nanoTime - deadlineNs) < 0))
  13.           processMailbox(left - 1, deadlineNs)
  14.       }
  15.     }

throughput和throughputDeadlineTime在这里用到
ActorCell的父类中Dispatch 的sendMessage 方法定义了mailbox的执行

  1. def sendMessage(msg: Envelope): Unit =
  2.     try {
  3.       if (system.settings.SerializeAllMessages) {
  4.         val unwrapped = (msg.message match {
  5.           case DeadLetter(wrapped, _, _) ⇒ wrapped
  6.           case other                     ⇒ other
  7.         }).asInstanceOf[AnyRef]
  8.         if (!unwrapped.isInstanceOf[NoSerializationVerificationNeeded]) {
  9.           val s = SerializationExtension(system)
  10.           s.deserialize(s.serialize(unwrapped).get, unwrapped.getClass).get
  11.         }
  12.       }
  13.       dispatcher.dispatch(this, msg)
  14.     } catch handleException

回到了dispatcher.dispatch(this, msg)

  1. protected[akka] def dispatch(receiver: ActorCell, invocation: Envelope): Unit = {
  2.     val mbox = receiver.mailbox
  3.     mbox.enqueue(receiver.self, invocation)
  4.     registerForExecution(mbox, true, false)
  5.   }

看一下registerForExecution

  1. protected[akka] override def registerForExecution(mbox: Mailbox, hasMessageHint: Boolean, hasSystemMessageHint: Boolean): Boolean = {
  2.     if (mbox.canBeScheduledForExecution(hasMessageHint, hasSystemMessageHint)) { //This needs to be here to ensure thread safety and no races
  3.       if (mbox.setAsScheduled()) {
  4.         try {
  5.           executorService execute mbox
  6.           true
  7.         } catch {
  8.          ......

看到 executorService execute mbox
而sendMessage就是!
在actor内部的receive的方法中给一个actor发消息
那么此时相当于ForkJoinWorkerThread在执行executorService execute mbox
此时看到代码

  1. final class AkkaForkJoinPool(parallelism: Int,
  2.                                threadFactory: ForkJoinPool.ForkJoinWorkerThreadFactory,
  3.                                unhandledExceptionHandler: Thread.UncaughtExceptionHandler)
  4.     extends ForkJoinPool(parallelism, threadFactory, unhandledExceptionHandler, true) with LoadMetrics {
  5.     override def execute(r: Runnable): Unit = {
  6.       if (r eq null) throw new NullPointerException("The Runnable must not be null")
  7.       val task =
  8.         if (r.isInstanceOf[ForkJoinTask[_]]) r.asInstanceOf[ForkJoinTask[Any]]
  9.         else new AkkaForkJoinTask(r)
  10.       Thread.currentThread match {
  11.         case worker: ForkJoinWorkerThread if worker.getPool eq this ⇒ task.fork()
  12.         case _ ⇒ super.execute(task)
  13.       }
  14.     }
  16.     def atFullThrottle(): Boolean = this.getActiveThreadCount() >= this.getParallelism()
  17.   }

mailbox会被包成AkkaForkJoinTask
task.fork() 以为这加入当前工作线程的工作队列尾部

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