@chy282
2017-12-05T08:14:45.000000Z
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RSA是目前最有影响力和最常用的公钥加密算法,它能够抵抗到目前为止已知的绝大多数密码攻击,已被ISO推荐为公钥数据加密标准。
今天只有短的RSA钥匙才可能被强力方式破解。但在分布式计算和量子计算机理论日趋成熟的今天,RSA加密安全性收到了挑战和质疑。
RSA算法基于一个十分简单的数论事实:将两个大质数相乘十分容易,但是想要对其乘积进行因式分解缺及其困难,因此可以将乘积公开作为加密密钥。
1. 使用HTTPS协议可认证用户和服务器,确保数据发送到正确的客户机和服务器。
2. HTTPS协议是由SSL+HTTP协议构建的可进行加密传输、身份认证的网络协议,要比HTTP协议安全,可防止数据在传输过程中不被窃取、改变,确保数据的完整性。
3. HTTPS是现行框架下最安全的解决方案,虽然不是觉得安全,但它增加了中间人攻击的成本。
1. SSL的专业证书需要购买,功能越强大的证书费用越高
2. 相同的网络环境下,HTTPS协议会使页面的加载时间延长50%,增加10%-20%的耗电。此外,HTTPS协议还会影响缓存,增加数据开销和功耗。
3. HTTPS协议的安全性是有范围的,在黑客攻击、拒绝服务攻击、服务器劫持等方面几乎起不到什么作用。
4. 最关键的是,SSL证书的信用链体系并不安全。特别是在某些国家可以控制CA根证书的情况下,中间人攻击一样可行。
综上所述(其实主要是因为HTTPS购买SSL证书需要花钱),可在某些关键数据传输过程中进行RSA加密。比如:登录时对登录密码进行加密。
BigInt.js - 用于生成一个大整数(这是RSA算法的需要)
Barrett.js - RSA算法所需要用到的一个支持文件
RSA_Stripped.js - RSA的主要算法
下载密码:bhiq
bcprov-jdk15on
<dependency><groupId>org.bouncycastle</groupId><artifactId>bcprov-jdk15on</artifactId><version>1.58</version></dependency>
pom.xml
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"><modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion><groupId>com.study</groupId><artifactId>webrsa</artifactId><version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version><packaging>war</packaging><properties><project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding></properties><dependencies><dependency><groupId>junit</groupId><artifactId>junit</artifactId><version>4.12</version><scope>test</scope></dependency><!-- bcprov-jdk15on --><dependency><groupId>org.bouncycastle</groupId><artifactId>bcprov-jdk15on</artifactId><version>1.58</version></dependency></dependencies><build><plugins><plugin><groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId><artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId><version>3.6.1</version><configuration><target>1.7</target><source>1.7</source><encoding>UTF-8</encoding></configuration></plugin></plugins></build></project>
RSAUtils.java
package com.study.webrsa.utils;import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;import java.security.KeyPair;import java.security.KeyPairGenerator;import java.security.interfaces.RSAPrivateKey;import java.security.interfaces.RSAPublicKey;import java.util.HashMap;import java.util.Map;import javax.crypto.Cipher;import org.bouncycastle.jce.provider.BouncyCastleProvider;/*** RSA加解密工具类**/public class RSAUtils {public static final String SECURITY = "RSA"; // 加密方式public static final String ALGORITHM = "MD5withRSA"; // 加密算法public static final String PUBLIC_KEY = "RSAPublicKey"; // 公钥public static final String PRIVATE_KEY = "RSAPrivateKey"; // 私钥/*** 获取密钥*/public static Map<String, Object> getKey() {Map<String, Object> map = null;try {// 生成实现指定算法的KeyPairGenerator对象,用于生成密钥对KeyPairGenerator keyPairGenerator =KeyPairGenerator.getInstance(SECURITY, new BouncyCastleProvider());keyPairGenerator.initialize(1024); // 初始化密钥长度KeyPair keyPair = keyPairGenerator.generateKeyPair(); // 生成密钥对RSAPublicKey rsaPublicKey = (RSAPublicKey) keyPair.getPublic(); // 获取公钥RSAPrivateKey rsaPrivateKey = (RSAPrivateKey) keyPair.getPrivate(); // 获取私钥// 保存到map中map = new HashMap<String, Object>();map.put(PUBLIC_KEY, rsaPublicKey);map.put(PRIVATE_KEY, rsaPrivateKey);} catch (Exception e) {e.printStackTrace();}return map;}/*** 利用私钥进行解密** @param privateKey* 私钥* @param str* 密文* @return*/public static String decrypt(RSAPrivateKey privateKey, String str) {try {System.out.println("密文为:" + str);// 获取实现指定转换的Cipher对象Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("RSA/NONE/NoPadding", new BouncyCastleProvider());cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, privateKey); // 用密钥初始化此Cipher对象int blockSize = cipher.getBlockSize(); // 返回块的大小byte[] bytes = hexStringToBytes(str); // 将十六进制转换为二进制int j = 0;ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();while (bytes.length - j * blockSize > 0) { // 将二进制数据分块写入ByteArrayOutputStream中baos.write(cipher.doFinal(bytes, j * blockSize, blockSize));j++;}// 将二进制数据转换为字符串byte[] bs = baos.toByteArray();StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();sb.append(new String(bs));String pwd = sb.reverse().toString();System.out.println("明文为:" + pwd);return pwd;} catch (Exception e) {e.printStackTrace();}return null;}/*** 将十六进制字符串转换为二进制数组** @param hexString* 十六进制字符串* @return*/private static byte[] hexStringToBytes(String hexString) {if (hexString == null || "".equals(hexString)) {return null;}hexString = hexString.toUpperCase(); // 全部转换为大写字符int length = hexString.length() / 2; // 获取十六进制数据个数char[] hexChars = hexString.toCharArray(); // 将十六进制字符串转换为字符数组byte[] d = new byte[length];for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {int pos = i * 2; // 开始位置d[i] = (byte) (charToByte(hexChars[pos]) << 4 | charToByte(hexChars[pos + 1]));}return d;}private static byte charToByte(char ch) {return (byte) "0123456789ABCDEF".indexOf(ch);}}
login.jsp
<%@page import="java.util.Map"%><%@page import="java.security.interfaces.RSAPrivateKey"%><%@page import="java.security.interfaces.RSAPublicKey"%><%@page import="com.study.webrsa.utils.RSAUtils"%><%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"pageEncoding="UTF-8"%><!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"><html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><title>用户登录</title><!-- 最新版本的 Bootstrap 核心 CSS 文件 --><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.bootcss.com/bootstrap/3.3.7/css/bootstrap.min.css" integrity="sha384-BVYiiSIFeK1dGmJRAkycuHAHRg32OmUcww7on3RYdg4Va+PmSTsz/K68vbdEjh4u" crossorigin="anonymous"></head><%// 获取密钥对Map<String, Object> map = RSAUtils.getKey();// 获取公钥RSAPublicKey rsaPublicKey = (RSAPublicKey) map.get(RSAUtils.PUBLIC_KEY);// 获取私钥RSAPrivateKey rsaPrivateKey = (RSAPrivateKey) map.get(RSAUtils.PRIVATE_KEY);// 保存私钥到session中,便于后台进行解密session.setAttribute("rsaKey", rsaPrivateKey);// 保存公钥到request中,便于页面加密String publicExponent = rsaPublicKey.getPublicExponent().toString(16);String publicModulus = rsaPublicKey.getModulus().toString(16);request.setAttribute("publicExponent", publicExponent);request.setAttribute("publicModulus", publicModulus);%><body><div class="container-fluid"><form action="login" method="post" class="col-md-6 col-md-offset-3"onsubmit="return cmdEncrypt();"><div class="form-group"><label for="loginName">登录名</label><input type="text" id="loginName" name="loginName" class="form-control"placeholder="请输入用户名..."></div><div class="form-group"><label for="loginPwd">登录密码</label><input type="password" id="loginPwd" name="loginPwd" class="form-control"placeholder="请输入登录密码..."></div><button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary">登录</button></form></div></body><script src="https://cdn.bootcss.com/jquery/3.2.1/jquery.min.js"></script><!-- 最新的 Bootstrap 核心 JavaScript 文件 --><script src="https://cdn.bootcss.com/bootstrap/3.3.7/js/bootstrap.min.js" integrity="sha384-Tc5IQib027qvyjSMfHjOMaLkfuWVxZxUPnCJA7l2mCWNIpG9mGCD8wGNIcPD7Txa" crossorigin="anonymous"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="resources/rsa/BigInt.js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="resources/rsa/Barrett.js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="resources/rsa/RSA_Stripped.js"></script><script type="text/javascript">// 提交前对密码进行加密function cmdEncrypt() {setMaxDigits(131);var pwd = $("#loginPwd").val(); // 获取原始密码var key = new RSAKeyPair("${publicExponent}", "", "${publicModulus}");pwd = encryptedString(key, pwd); // 对密码进行加密$("#loginPwd").val(pwd);return true;}</script></html>
LoginServlet.java
package com.study.webrsa.servlet;import java.io.IOException;import java.security.interfaces.RSAPrivateKey;import javax.servlet.ServletException;import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;import com.study.webrsa.utils.RSAUtils;@WebServlet("/login")public class LoginServlet extends HttpServlet {private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;@Overrideprotected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp)throws ServletException, IOException {doPost(req, resp);}@Overrideprotected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp)throws ServletException, IOException {// 设置编码格式req.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");resp.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");// 获取前台参数String loginName = req.getParameter("loginName");String loginPwd = req.getParameter("loginPwd");// 获取私钥RSAPrivateKey privateKey = (RSAPrivateKey) req.getSession().getAttribute("rsaKey");// 对密码进行解密loginPwd = RSAUtils.decrypt(privateKey, loginPwd);// 校验if (true) {req.setAttribute("username", loginName);System.out.println("用户[" + loginName + "]用密码[" + loginPwd + "]登录本系统");req.getRequestDispatcher("/success.jsp").forward(req, resp);}}}
success.jsp
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"pageEncoding="UTF-8"%><!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"><html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><title>登录成功</title></head><body><center><h1>欢迎您,${username }</h1></center></body></html>
web.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><web-app xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaeehttp://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd"version="3.0"><welcome-file-list><welcome-file>login.jsp</welcome-file></welcome-file-list></web-app>
setMaxDigits(),到底应该传值多少?
在JS文件中给出公式为:n * 2 / 16。其中n为密钥长度。
如果n为1024,则值应为 1024 * 2 / 16 = 128。
经过测试,传128后台解密会报错;正确的值应该大于128。
个人喜好的公式是:n * 2 / 16 + 3
即 密钥长度若为1024,其值为 131
密钥长度若为2048,其值为 259
在网上百度的代码,解密方式一般如下所示:
// 获取实现指定转换的Cipher对象Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("RSA/NONE/NoPadding", new BouncyCastleProvider());cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, privateKey); // 用密钥初始化此Cipher对象int blockSize = cipher.getBlockSize(); // 返回块的大小byte[] bytes = new BigInteger(str, 16).toByteArray();int j = 0;ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();while (bytes.length - j * blockSize > 0) { // 将二进制数据分块写入ByteArrayOutputStream中baos.write(cipher.doFinal(bytes, j * blockSize, blockSize));j++;}
用上述方式,偶尔会报错如下所示:
java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: Bad argumentsat javax.crypto.Cipher.doFinal(Cipher.java:2185)at com.study.webrsa.utils.RSAUtils.decrypt(RSAUtils.java:76)at com.study.webrsa.servlet.LoginServlet.doPost(LoginServlet.java:43)at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:650)at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:731)at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:303)at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:208)at org.apache.tomcat.websocket.server.WsFilter.doFilter(WsFilter.java:52)at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:241)at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:208)at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapperValve.invoke(StandardWrapperValve.java:218)at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContextValve.invoke(StandardContextValve.java:110)at org.apache.catalina.authenticator.AuthenticatorBase.invoke(AuthenticatorBase.java:506)at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHostValve.invoke(StandardHostValve.java:169)at org.apache.catalina.valves.ErrorReportValve.invoke(ErrorReportValve.java:103)at org.apache.catalina.valves.AccessLogValve.invoke(AccessLogValve.java:962)at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngineValve.invoke(StandardEngineValve.java:116)at org.apache.catalina.connector.CoyoteAdapter.service(CoyoteAdapter.java:445)at org.apache.coyote.http11.AbstractHttp11Processor.process(AbstractHttp11Processor.java:1087)at org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol$AbstractConnectionHandler.process(AbstractProtocol.java:637)at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.JIoEndpoint$SocketProcessor.run(JIoEndpoint.java:318)at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1145)at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:615)at org.apache.tomcat.util.threads.TaskThread$WrappingRunnable.run(TaskThread.java:61)at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745)
后发现问题就出现在toByteArray()上面,因为在用上面的三个JS进行加密时,偶尔得出的密文会比正确的密文多出一个byte,里面是o。
因此可使用如下方式:
// 获取实现指定转换的Cipher对象Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("RSA/NONE/NoPadding", new BouncyCastleProvider());cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, privateKey); // 用密钥初始化此Cipher对象int blockSize = cipher.getBlockSize(); // 返回块的大小byte[] bytes = hexStringToBytes(str); // 将十六进制转换为二进制int j = 0;ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();while (bytes.length - j * blockSize > 0) { // 将二进制数据分块写入ByteArrayOutputStream中baos.write(cipher.doFinal(bytes, j * blockSize, blockSize));j++;}/*** 将十六进制字符串转换为二进制数组** @param hexString* 十六进制字符串* @return*/private static byte[] hexStringToBytes(String hexString) {if (hexString == null || "".equals(hexString)) {return null;}hexString = hexString.toUpperCase(); // 全部转换为大写字符int length = hexString.length() / 2; // 获取十六进制数据个数char[] hexChars = hexString.toCharArray(); // 将十六进制字符串转换为字符数组byte[] d = new byte[length];for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {int pos = i * 2; // 开始位置d[i] = (byte) (charToByte(hexChars[pos]) << 4 | charToByte(hexChars[pos + 1]));}return d;}private static byte charToByte(char ch) {return (byte) "0123456789ABCDEF".indexOf(ch);}
参考:
JS加密Java解密报rsa bad argument
HTTPS优缺点、原理解析:我们的网站该不该做HTTPS?