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@w616561153 2020-02-25T12:29:27.000000Z 字数 14082 阅读 653

课设：染色问题可视化

课设-染色问题

2020.2.22 染色 python3 + tkinter Canvas

  1. import math
  2. import time
  3. import tkinter as tk
  4. from tkinter import *
  6. color = ['red', 'green', 'blue' ,'yellow', 'brown','puruple', 'orange', 'grey', 'pink']
  7. root = tk.Tk()
  8. root.geometry('600x600')
  9. cv = Canvas(root,width = 600, height = 600, bg = 'white')
  10. cv.pack()
  12. G = [[] for i in range(50)]
  13. def add_edge(u, v):
  14.     u -= 1
  15.     v -= 1
  16.     G[u].append(v)
  17.     G[v].append(u)
  18. xx0, yy0, xx1, yy1 = 55, 55, 120, 120
  19. n = 7
  20. m = 4
  21. add_edge(1, 2)
  22. add_edge(1, 3)
  23. add_edge(1, 4)
  24. add_edge(2, 4)
  25. add_edge(1, 5)
  26. add_edge(1, 6)
  27. add_edge(2, 5)
  28. add_edge(2, 4)
  29. add_edge(4, 5)
  30. add_edge(1, 7)
  31. add_edge(2, 7)
  32. add_edge(6, 7)
  33. add_edge(4, 7)
  37. x = []
  38. y = []
  39. x0 = []
  40. y0 = []
  41. x1 = []
  42. y1 = []
  44. k = math.ceil(n / 2)
  45. print(k)
  46. for i in range(n):
  47.     x0.append(xx0 + (i % k) * 100)
  48.     x1.append(xx1 + (i % k) * 100)
  49.     y0.append(yy0 + (i >= k) * 100)
  50.     y1.append(yy1 + (i >= k) * 100)
  52. print(x0, x1, y0, y1, sep= '\n')
  53. for i in range(n):
  54.     x.append((x0[i] + x1[i]) / 2)
  55.     y.append((y0[i] + y1[i]) / 2)
  58. f = 95
  60. for u in range(n):
  61.     for v in G[u]:
  62.         if u < k and v < k:
  63.             cv.create_arc(x[u], y0[u] + f, x[v], y1[v] - f, extent = 180, style = ARC)
  64.         elif u >= k and v >= k:
  65.             cv.create_arc(x[u], y0[u] + f, x[v], y1[v] - f, extent = -180, style = ARC)
  67.         else:
  68.             cv.create_line(x[u], y[u], x[v], y[v])
  70. for i in range(n):
  71.     cv.create_oval(x0[i], y0[i], x1[i], y1[i], fill = 'white')
  72.     cv.create_text(x[i], y[i], text = str(i + 1))
  74. vis = [-1 for i in range(20)]
  76. ans = 0
  77. def dfs(now):
  78.     global ans
  79.     if now == n:
  80.         ans = 1
  81.         return
  83.     for i in range(m):
  84.         vis[now] = i
  85.         cv.create_oval(x0[now], y0[now], x1[now], y1[now], fill = color[i])
  86.         cv.create_text(x[now], y[now], text = str(now + 1))
  87.         root.update()
  88.         time.sleep(0.5)
  90.         flag = 1
  91.         for v in G[now]:
  92.             if vis[v] == i:
  93.                 flag = 0
  94.                 break
  95.         if flag:
  96.             dfs(now + 1)
  97.             if ans:
  98.                 return
  99. dfs(0)
  100. root.mainloop()

我要做一个养生少年。

2020.2.23 输入 + 染色

  1. import math
  2. import time
  3. import tkinter as tk
  4. import tkinter.messagebox
  5. from tkinter import *
  7. window = tk.Tk()
  8. window.title("着色问题")
  9. window.geometry("800x800")
  11. n = 0
  12. e = 0
  13. m = 0
  14. flag = 0
  15. ans = 0
  17. G = [[] for i in range(50)]
  19. def add_edge(u, v):
  20.     u -= 1
  21.     v -= 1
  22.     G[u].append(v)
  23.     G[v].append(u)
  27. def insert_point():
  28.     global n, e, m, flag
  29.     n = int(e1.get())
  30.     e = int(e2.get())
  31.     m = int(e3.get())
  33.     if not(1 <= n <= 10 and 1 <= e <= 20 and 1 <= m <= 10):
  34.         tkinter.messagebox.showwarning(title='警告', message='请输入正确的V,E,m。')
  35.         e1.delete(0, 'end')
  36.         e2.delete(0, 'end')
  37.         e3.delete(0, 'end')
  38.         return
  40.     flag = 1
  41.     l8 = tk.Label(window, text='(还剩余：' + str(e) + ')')
  42.     l8.place(x=565, y=120 + move_down, anchor='nw')
  44.     l13 = tk.Label(window, text=' <= ' + str(n), font=('Arial', 12), width=10, height=2).place(x=60, y=425 + move_down,
  45.                                                                                         anchor='nw')
  46.     l14 = tk.Label(window, text=' <= ' + str(n), font=('Arial', 12), width=10, height=2).place(x=365, y=425 + move_down,
  47.                                                                                         anchor='nw')
  48.     t.delete('1.0', 'end')
  50. def insert_point1():
  51.     global n, e, m
  52.     if not n and not e and not m:
  53.         tkinter.messagebox.showwarning(title='警告', message='请先输入V, E, m。')
  54.         return
  56.     u = int(e4.get())
  57.     v = int(e5.get())
  58.     e4.delete(0, 'end')
  59.     e5.delete(0, 'end')
  60.     if not(1 <= u <= n and 1 <= v <= n):
  61.         tkinter.messagebox.showwarning(title='警告', message='请先输入正确的起点和终点。')
  62.         return
  63.     if (v - 1) in G[u - 1]:
  64.         tkinter.messagebox.showwarning(title='警告', message='这条边已经被输入过了。')
  65.         return
  66.     e -= 1
  67.     add_edge(u, v)
  68.     l8 = tk.Label(window, text='(还剩余：' + str(e) + ')').place(x=565, y=120 + move_down, anchor='nw')
  69.     t.insert('insert', '   ' + str(u) + '---' + str(v) + '\n')
  71.     if e == 0:
  72.         color = ['red', 'green', 'blue', 'yellow', 'brown', 'puruple', 'orange', 'grey', 'pink']
  73.         root = tk.Tk()
  74.         root.title('染色过程')
  75.         root.geometry('600x600')
  76.         cv = Canvas(root, width=600, height=600, bg='white')
  77.         cv.pack()
  79.         xx0, yy0, xx1, yy1 = 55, 55, 120, 120
  80.         x = []
  81.         y = []
  82.         x0 = []
  83.         y0 = []
  84.         x1 = []
  85.         y1 = []
  87.         k = math.ceil(n / 2)
  89.         for i in range(n):
  90.             x0.append(xx0 + (i % k) * 100)
  91.             x1.append(xx1 + (i % k) * 100)
  92.             y0.append(yy0 + (i >= k) * 150)
  93.             y1.append(yy1 + (i >= k) * 150)
  96.         for i in range(n):
  97.             x.append((x0[i] + x1[i]) / 2)
  98.             y.append((y0[i] + y1[i]) / 2)
  100.         f = 95
  102.         for u in range(n):
  103.             for v in G[u]:
  104.                 if u < k and v < k:
  105.                     cv.create_arc(x[u], y0[u] + f, x[v], y1[v] - f, extent=180, style=ARC)
  106.                 elif u >= k and v >= k:
  107.                     cv.create_arc(x[u], y0[u] + f, x[v], y1[v] - f, extent=-180, style=ARC)
  109.                 else:
  110.                     cv.create_line(x[u], y[u], x[v], y[v])
  112.         for i in range(n):
  113.             cv.create_oval(x0[i], y0[i], x1[i], y1[i], fill='white')
  114.             cv.create_text(x[i], y[i], text=str(i + 1))
  116.         vis = [-1 for i in range(20)]
  119.         def dfs(now):
  120.             global ans
  121.             if now == n:
  122.                 ans = 1
  123.                 return
  125.             for i in range(m):
  126.                 vis[now] = i
  127.                 cv.create_oval(x0[now], y0[now], x1[now], y1[now], fill=color[i])
  128.                 cv.create_text(x[now], y[now], text=str(now + 1))
  129.                 root.update()
  130.                 time.sleep(0.5)
  132.                 flag = 1
  133.                 for v in G[now]:
  134.                     if vis[v] == i:
  135.                         flag = 0
  136.                         break
  137.                 if flag:
  138.                     dfs(now + 1)
  139.                     if ans:
  140.                         return
  141.         dfs(0)
  142.         global ans
  143.         if ans == 0:
  144.             tkinter.messagebox.showinfo(title='失败', message = '用' + str(m) + '种颜色染色失败!')
  145.         else:
  146.             maxx = 0
  147.             for i in range(n):
  148.                 maxx = max(vis[i], maxx)
  150.             tkinter.messagebox.showinfo(title='成功', message='共用' + str(maxx + 1) + '种颜色成功染色!')
  153.         root.mainloop()
  155. move_down = 55
  156. l1 = tk.Label(window, text='图的结点数V', bg='green', font=('Arial', 12), width=20, height=2)
  157. l1.place(x = 0, y = 60 + move_down, anchor = 'nw')
  159. l2 = tk.Label(window, text='图的边数E', bg='green', font=('Arial', 12), width=20, height=2)
  160. l2.place(x = 0, y = 120 + move_down, anchor = 'nw')
  162. l3  = tk.Label(window, text = '染色最多需要的颜色数m', bg = 'green', font = ('Arial', 12), width = 20, height = 2)
  163. l3.place(x = 0, y = 180 + move_down, anchor = 'nw')
  167. e1 = tk.Entry(window, show = None)
  168. e1.place(x = 190, y = 70 + move_down, anchor = 'nw')
  169. l10 = tk.Label(window, text = ' <= 10', font = ('Arial', 12), width = 10, height = 2).place(x = 320, y = 60 + move_down, anchor = 'nw')
  170. e2 = tk.Entry(window, show = None)
  171. l11 = tk.Label(window, text = ' <= 20', font = ('Arial', 12), width = 10, height = 2).place(x = 320, y = 120 + move_down, anchor = 'nw')
  172. e2.place(x = 190, y = 130 + move_down, anchor = 'nw')
  173. l12 = tk.Label(window, text = ' <= 10', font = ('Arial', 12), width = 10, height = 2).place(x = 320, y = 180 + move_down, anchor = 'nw')
  175. e3 = tk.Entry(window, show = None)
  176. e3.place(x = 190, y = 190 + move_down, anchor = 'nw')
  179. b1 = tk.Button(window, text='确认', width=10,
  180.                height=1, command=insert_point)
  181. b1.place(x = 150, y = 240 + move_down, anchor = 'nw')
  184. l4 = tk.Label(window, text='边的起点与终点', bg='green', font=('Arial', 12), width=20, height=2)
  185. l4.place(x=80, y=330 + move_down, anchor='nw')
  187. l5 = tk.Label(window, text='起点', bg='green', font=('Arial', 12), width=5, height=1)
  188. l5.place(x=0, y=385 + move_down, anchor='nw')
  190. l6 = tk.Label(window, text='终点', bg='green', font=('Arial', 12), width=5, height=1)
  191. l6.place(x=300, y=385 + move_down, anchor='nw')
  193. t = tk.Text(window, width=12, height=40, bg='yellow')
  194. t.place(x=560, y=150 + move_down, anchor='nw')
  197. l7 = tk.Label(window, text='已加入的边', bg='green', font=('Arial', 12), width=15, height=2)
  198. l7.place(x=530, y=70 + move_down, anchor='nw')
  200. l8 = tk.Label(window, text='   E未知')
  202. l8.place(x=565, y=120 + move_down, anchor='nw')
  203. e4 = tk.Entry(window, width=10, show=None)
  204. e4.place(x=0, y=435 + move_down, anchor='nw')
  205. e5 = tk.Entry(window, width=10, show=None)
  206. e5.place(x=300, y=435 + move_down, anchor='nw')
  208. b2 = tk.Button(window, text='确认', width=10, height=1, command = insert_point1)
  209. b2.place(x=150, y=480 + move_down, anchor='nw')
  211. l9 = tk.Label(window, text = '图染色问题可视化模拟', font = ('Arial', 20)).pack()
  212. window.mainloop()

2020.2.25 重置版

  1. import math
  2. import time
  3. import tkinter as tk
  4. import tkinter.messagebox
  5. from tkinter import *
  7. window = tk.Tk()
  8. window.title("着色问题")
  9. window.geometry("800x800")
  11. n = 0
  12. e = 0
  13. m = 0
  14. flag = 0
  15. ans = 0
  18. G = [[] for i in range(50)]
  19. color = ['red', 'green', 'blue' ,'yellow', 'brown','puruple', 'orange', 'grey', 'pink']
  21. xx0, yy0, xx1, yy1 = 55, 55, 120, 120
  22. x = []
  23. y = []
  24. x0 = []
  25. y0 = []
  26. x1 = []
  27. y1 = []
  28. k = 0
  29. vis = [-1 for i in range(20)]
  30. ans = 0
  31. cv = 0
  32. root = 0
  34. def add_edge(u, v):
  35.     u -= 1
  36.     v -= 1
  37.     G[u].append(v)
  38.     G[v].append(u)
  41. def init_vertex():              #这个函数是画结点.
  43.     # x0, x1, y0, y1, x, y都是坐标.得先明白一下cv.create_oval(), cv.create_text(), cv.create_arc(), cv.create_line()这几个函数.
  44.     # 见名知意.cv.create_oval()就是画椭圆（圆），前两个参数是左上角的横纵坐标，后两个参数是右下角的横纵坐标，最后一个fill=是颜色.如果我们使左上角，右下角围起来的是一个正方形，那么cv.create_oval()画出来的就是一个圆.
  45.     # cv.create_text()就是放置文本.前两个参数就是文本的横纵坐标，最后一个text=字符串就是文本.
  46.     # cv.create_arc()是画弓形(曲线),前四个参数和cv.create_oval()的意义相同.extent = 弧度制，就是你要画的那部分，180就是上半部分，-180就是下半部分.
  47.     # cv.create_line()是画直线，前两个参数是一个端点的横纵坐标和另一个端点的横纵坐标.
  49.     global cv
  50.     for i in range(n):
  51.         x0.append(xx0 + (i % k) * 100)            # 每个圆中间间隔100.
  52.         x1.append(xx1 + (i % k) * 100)
  53.         y0.append(yy0 + (i >= k) * 100)            #前一半的圆在上面，后一半的圆在下面.
  54.         y1.append(yy1 + (i >= k) * 100)
  55.     for i in range(n):
  56.         x.append((x0[i] + x1[i]) / 2)            #圆心坐标，标号用.
  57.         y.append((y0[i] + y1[i]) / 2)
  58.     print(x0, x1, y1)
  59.     for i in range(n):
  60.         cv.create_oval(x0[i], y0[i], x1[i], y1[i], fill = 'white')           #画圆.
  61.         cv.create_text(x[i], y[i], text = str(i + 1))                         #标号.
  64. def init_edge():  # 这个函数是结点之间的连线.
  65.     global cv
  66.     f = 95
  67.     for u in range(n):
  68.         for v in G[u]:
  69.             if u < k and v < k:  # 都在上面的就拿弧的上半部分连线.
  70.                 cv.create_arc(x[u], y0[u] + f, x[v], y1[v] - f, extent=180, style=ARC)
  71.             elif u >= k and v >= k:  # 都在下面的就拿弧的下半部分连线.
  72.                 cv.create_arc(x[u], y0[u] + f, x[v], y1[v] - f, extent=-180, style=ARC)
  73.             else:  # 不在同一排就连直线.
  74.                 cv.create_line(x[u], y[u], x[v], y[v])
  76.     for i in range(n):  # 再画一遍圆，把圆内的线盖上.
  77.         cv.create_oval(x0[i], y0[i], x1[i], y1[i], fill='white')
  78.         cv.create_text(x[i], y[i], text=str(i + 1))
  80. def dfs(now):
  81.     global ans, cv, root
  82.     if now == n:
  83.         ans = 1
  84.         return
  86.     for i in range(m):
  87.         vis[now] = i
  88.         cv.create_oval(x0[now], y0[now], x1[now], y1[now], fill = color[i])                 #染色过程，给圆染上第i种颜色.
  89.         cv.create_text(x[now], y[now], text = str(now + 1))                                #再把号标上.
  90.         root.update()
  91.         time.sleep(0.5)                                                                 #每一步停半秒.
  93.         flag = 1
  94.         for v in G[now]:
  95.             if vis[v] == i:
  96.                 flag = 0
  97.                 break
  98.         if flag:
  99.             dfs(now + 1)
  100.             if ans:
  101.                 return
  102. def colored():
  103.     global k, cv, root
  104.     root = tk.Tk()  # 先创建一个窗口.
  105.     root.geometry('600x600')  # 设置窗口大小.
  107.     cv = Canvas(root, width=600, height=600, bg='white')  # 创建一个白色画布，用来在上面画画.
  108.     cv.pack()  # 把它放在窗口上.(没有side参数就默认放在窗口的正上部.)
  110.     k = math.ceil(n / 2)
  111.     init_vertex()
  112.     init_edge()
  114.     dfs(0)
  115.     global ans
  116.     if ans == 0:
  117.         tkinter.messagebox.showinfo(title='失败', message='用' + str(m) + '种颜色染色失败!')
  118.     else:
  119.         maxx = 0
  120.         for i in range(n):
  121.             maxx = max(vis[i], maxx)
  123.         tkinter.messagebox.showinfo(title='成功', message='共用' + str(maxx + 1) + '种颜色成功染色!')
  124.     root.mainloop()
  127. def insert_point():
  128.     global n, e, m, flag
  129.     n = int(e1.get())
  130.     e = int(e2.get())
  131.     m = int(e3.get())
  133.     if not(1 <= n <= 10 and 1 <= e <= 20 and 1 <= m <= 10):
  134.         tkinter.messagebox.showwarning(title='警告', message='请输入正确的V,E,m。')
  135.         e1.delete(0, 'end')
  136.         e2.delete(0, 'end')
  137.         e3.delete(0, 'end')
  138.         return
  140.     flag = 1
  141.     l8 = tk.Label(window, text='(还剩余：' + str(e) + ')')
  142.     l8.place(x=565, y=120 + move_down, anchor='nw')
  144.     l13 = tk.Label(window, text=' <= ' + str(n), font=('Arial', 12), width=10, height=2).place(x=60, y=425 + move_down,
  145.                                                                                         anchor='nw')
  146.     l14 = tk.Label(window, text=' <= ' + str(n), font=('Arial', 12), width=10, height=2).place(x=365, y=425 + move_down,
  147.                                                                                         anchor='nw')
  148.     t.delete('1.0', 'end')
  150. def insert_point1():
  151.     global n, e, m
  152.     if not n and not e and not m:
  153.         tkinter.messagebox.showwarning(title='警告', message='请先输入V, E, m。')
  154.         return
  156.     u = int(e4.get())
  157.     v = int(e5.get())
  158.     e4.delete(0, 'end')
  159.     e5.delete(0, 'end')
  160.     if not(1 <= u <= n and 1 <= v <= n):
  161.         tkinter.messagebox.showwarning(title='警告', message='请先输入正确的起点和终点。')
  162.         return
  163.     if (v - 1) in G[u - 1]:
  164.         tkinter.messagebox.showwarning(title='警告', message='这条边已经被输入过了。')
  165.         return
  166.     e -= 1
  167.     add_edge(u, v)
  168.     l8 = tk.Label(window, text='(还剩余：' + str(e) + ')').place(x=565, y=120 + move_down, anchor='nw')
  169.     t.insert('insert', '   ' + str(u) + '---' + str(v) + '\n')
  171.     if e == 0:
  172.         colored()
  175. move_down = 55
  176. l1 = tk.Label(window, text='图的结点数V', bg='green', font=('Arial', 12), width=20, height=2)
  177. l1.place(x = 0, y = 60 + move_down, anchor = 'nw')
  179. l2 = tk.Label(window, text='图的边数E', bg='green', font=('Arial', 12), width=20, height=2)
  180. l2.place(x = 0, y = 120 + move_down, anchor = 'nw')
  182. l3  = tk.Label(window, text = '染色最多需要的颜色数m', bg = 'green', font = ('Arial', 12), width = 20, height = 2)
  183. l3.place(x = 0, y = 180 + move_down, anchor = 'nw')
  187. e1 = tk.Entry(window, show = None)
  188. e1.place(x = 190, y = 70 + move_down, anchor = 'nw')
  189. l10 = tk.Label(window, text = ' <= 10', font = ('Arial', 12), width = 10, height = 2).place(x = 320, y = 60 + move_down, anchor = 'nw')
  190. e2 = tk.Entry(window, show = None)
  191. l11 = tk.Label(window, text = ' <= 20', font = ('Arial', 12), width = 10, height = 2).place(x = 320, y = 120 + move_down, anchor = 'nw')
  192. e2.place(x = 190, y = 130 + move_down, anchor = 'nw')
  193. l12 = tk.Label(window, text = ' <= 10', font = ('Arial', 12), width = 10, height = 2).place(x = 320, y = 180 + move_down, anchor = 'nw')
  195. e3 = tk.Entry(window, show = None)
  196. e3.place(x = 190, y = 190 + move_down, anchor = 'nw')
  199. b1 = tk.Button(window, text='确认', width=10,
  200.                height=1, command=insert_point)
  201. b1.place(x = 150, y = 240 + move_down, anchor = 'nw')
  204. l4 = tk.Label(window, text='边的起点与终点', bg='green', font=('Arial', 12), width=20, height=2)
  205. l4.place(x=80, y=330 + move_down, anchor='nw')
  207. l5 = tk.Label(window, text='起点', bg='green', font=('Arial', 12), width=5, height=1)
  208. l5.place(x=0, y=385 + move_down, anchor='nw')
  210. l6 = tk.Label(window, text='终点', bg='green', font=('Arial', 12), width=5, height=1)
  211. l6.place(x=300, y=385 + move_down, anchor='nw')
  213. t = tk.Text(window, width=12, height=40, bg='yellow')
  214. t.place(x=560, y=150 + move_down, anchor='nw')
  217. l7 = tk.Label(window, text='已加入的边', bg='green', font=('Arial', 12), width=15, height=2)
  218. l7.place(x=530, y=70 + move_down, anchor='nw')
  220. l8 = tk.Label(window, text='   E未知')
  222. l8.place(x=565, y=120 + move_down, anchor='nw')
  223. e4 = tk.Entry(window, width=10, show=None)
  224. e4.place(x=0, y=435 + move_down, anchor='nw')
  225. e5 = tk.Entry(window, width=10, show=None)
  226. e5.place(x=300, y=435 + move_down, anchor='nw')
  228. b2 = tk.Button(window, text='确认', width=10, height=1, command = insert_point1)
  229. b2.place(x=150, y=480 + move_down, anchor='nw')
  231. l9 = tk.Label(window, text = '图染色问题可视化模拟', font = ('Arial', 20)).pack()
  232. window.mainloop()

2020.2.25 染色过程 注释版

  1. import math
  2. import time
  3. import tkinter as tk    #用python中的tkinter模块和其中的Canvas画布控件.
  4. from tkinter import *
  7. # 用dfs深度搜索来解决这个问题.
  8. color = ['red', 'green', 'blue' ,'yellow', 'brown','puruple', 'orange', 'grey', 'pink']
  10. root = tk.Tk()                 # 先创建一个窗口.
  11. root.geometry('600x600')      #设置窗口大小.
  13. cv = Canvas(root,width = 600, height = 600, bg = 'white')     # 创建一个白色画布，用来在上面画画.
  14. cv.pack()     # 把它放在窗口上.(没有side参数就默认放在窗口的正上部.)
  16. n = 4
  17. m = 4
  18. xx0, yy0, xx1, yy1 = 55, 55, 120, 120          # 画圆的起始坐标，第一个圆的左上角和右下角.
  19. x = []
  20. y = []
  21. x0 = []
  22. y0 = []
  23. x1 = []
  24. y1 = []
  26. k = math.ceil(n / 2)              #ceil()是向上取整函数，例如ceil(2.5) = 3, ceil(2.01) = 3, ceil(2) = 2.
  27. G = [[] for i in range(50)]       # 这个就是c++中的vector<int> G[50]，用来存图的.
  29. def add_edge(u, v):
  30.     u -= 1                       #u--,v-- 是因为输入的是1 -- 2,但我们存下来的实际是0 -- 1.
  31.     v -= 1
  32.     G[u].append(v)              # 无向边，正着来一边，反着来一遍.
  33.     G[v].append(u)
  36. def init_vertex():              #这个函数是画结点.
  38.     # x0, x1, y0, y1, x, y都是坐标.得先明白一下cv.create_oval(), cv.create_text(), cv.create_arc(), cv.create_line()这几个函数.
  39.     # 见名知意.cv.create_oval()就是画椭圆（圆），前两个参数是左上角的横纵坐标，后两个参数是右下角的横纵坐标，最后一个fill=是颜色.如果我们使左上角，右下角围起来的是一个正方形，那么cv.create_oval()画出来的就是一个圆.
  40.     # cv.create_text()就是放置文本.前两个参数就是文本的横纵坐标，最后一个text=字符串就是文本.
  41.     # cv.create_arc()是画弓形(曲线),前四个参数和cv.create_oval()的意义相同.extent = 弧度制，就是你要画的那部分，180就是上半部分，-180就是下半部分.
  42.     # cv.create_line()是画直线，前两个参数是一个端点的横纵坐标和另一个端点的横纵坐标.
  45.     for i in range(n):
  46.         x0.append(xx0 + (i % k) * 100)            # 每个圆中间间隔100.
  47.         x1.append(xx1 + (i % k) * 100)
  48.         y0.append(yy0 + (i >= k) * 100)            #前一半的圆在上面，后一半的圆在下面.
  49.         y1.append(yy1 + (i >= k) * 100)
  50.     for i in range(n):
  51.         x.append((x0[i] + x1[i]) / 2)            #圆心坐标，标号用.
  52.         y.append((y0[i] + y1[i]) / 2)
  53.     for i in range(n):
  54.         cv.create_oval(x0[i], y0[i], x1[i], y1[i], fill = 'white')           #画圆.
  55.         cv.create_text(x[i], y[i], text = str(i + 1))                         #标号.
  57. def init_edge():                  # 这个函数是结点之间的连线.
  58.     f = 95
  59.     for u in range(n):
  60.         for v in G[u]:
  61.             if u < k and v < k:                    # 都在上面的就拿弧的上半部分连线.
  62.                 cv.create_arc(x[u], y0[u] + f, x[v], y1[v] - f, extent = 180, style = ARC)
  63.             elif u >= k and v >= k:               # 都在下面的就拿弧的下半部分连线.
  64.                 cv.create_arc(x[u], y0[u] + f, x[v], y1[v] - f, extent = -180, style = ARC)
  65.             else:                                  # 不在同一排就连直线.
  66.                 cv.create_line(x[u], y[u], x[v], y[v])
  68.     for i in range(n):                            #再画一遍圆，把圆内的线盖上.
  69.         cv.create_oval(x0[i], y0[i], x1[i], y1[i], fill = 'white')
  70.         cv.create_text(x[i], y[i], text = str(i + 1))
  72. vis = [-1 for i in range(20)]
  74. ans = 0
  75. def dfs(now):
  76.     global ans
  77.     if now == n:
  78.         ans = 1
  79.         return
  81.     for i in range(m):
  82.         vis[now] = i
  83.         cv.create_oval(x0[now], y0[now], x1[now], y1[now], fill = color[i])                 #染色过程，给圆染上第i种颜色.
  84.         cv.create_text(x[now], y[now], text = str(now + 1))                                #再把号标上.
  85.         root.update()
  86.         time.sleep(0.5)                                                                 #每一步停半秒.
  88.         flag = 1
  89.         for v in G[now]:
  90.             if vis[v] == i:
  91.                 flag = 0
  92.                 break
  93.         if flag:
  94.             dfs(now + 1)
  95.             if ans:
  96.                 return
  98. add_edge(1, 2)
  99. add_edge(1, 3)
  100. add_edge(1, 4)
  101. add_edge(2, 4)
  103. init_vertex()
  104. init_edge()
  107. dfs(0)
  108. root.mainloop()

老板，还有什么要加上的吗？

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