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2022-01-25T21:36:38.000000Z
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Under the planing of wood is understood the process of processing wooden blanks with the removal of chips. Processing in this case occurs as a result of the reciprocating movement of the tool, equipped with a planer cutter. Carpenter's planer cutters are commonly referred to as knives. In the process of the forward stroke of the cutter (working stroke), the actual removal of chips occurs - the cutter cuts off a relatively thin layer of wood. This is followed by a return stroke (idle), when the planing tool returns to its original position, thereby preparing for the next working stroke. This cyclical process is repeated until the processing of the wood blank is properly completed.
Wood after planing has a clean smooth surface. This result is achieved if the planer is correctly adjusted and its knife (or several knives) is correctly sharpened.
In general, the quality of planing also significantly depends on such a parameter as the direction of chip removal relative to wood fibers - this is a very important point. three options are possible here: chip removal along the fibers, across the fibers and planing to the end.
Most often in practice, planing along the fibers is used for the simple reason that the wooden surface after the passage of the planer knives along the fibers is the smoothest, and therefore will be of high quality. The surface processed across the fibers is significantly inferior in quality to planing along the fibers. She comes out rough.
This option is rarely used and mainly for rough wood processing. The only advantage of this option is the least effort required to cut the wood in that direction. Well, planing to the butt is the most problematic option, this is when the knife cuts the tree in a direction perpendicular to the fibers. And the greatest effort must be applied to the knives here, and it is very difficult to get a clean cut.
This option is used very rarely. But if such a need arose, then in this case it is possible to achieve a relatively clean cut. To do this, the layer of chips must be removed very thin and the knives must be very sharp, preferably freshly sharpened. These are the properties of wood. Read more about the properties of wood here.
All planing tools for woodworking are usually divided into two types:
Hand tools are more affordable and for this reason almost all home workshops have them. It is usually used for small jobs. These tools include primarily a planer.
The mechanized tool for planing is an electric planer. You can also plan a wood blank on a household woodworking machine - a convenient tool for planing and more. A mechanized tool has a number of undeniable advantages over a manual one.
The most significant advantages of a power tool for planing:
Using a mechanized tool, you can quickly plan a large number of parts. It is problematic to do this with a hand planer: the fact is that planing with a hand planer requires considerable physical strength. A person quickly gets tired during such work and is much inferior in speed to his mechanized competitor.
With all due respect to experienced craftsmen, it is worth noting that a well-tuned power tool in capable hands will always achieve a better and more accurate surface finish than hand tools.
However, in the workshop, hand planers and chisels are indispensable. As a rule, at many stages of creating a joinery product, refinements of parts using hand tools are required. This usually happens in places where a mechanized tool can not get close. Or just where you need to manually correct individual processing errors made for one reason or another. The final finishing of joinery, as a rule, is also impossible without the use of hand tools.
The main hand tool for planing wood parts is a planer (Sometimes planers are also called plows. The names are different, but they denote the same tool). There is a very large variety of planers, differing both in material, size, and purpose. However, the principle of construction of almost all hand planers is the same.
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