CodeWars 刷题总结

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Gap in Primes

The prime numbers are not regularly spaced. For example from 2 to 3 the gap is 1. From 3 to 5 the gap is 2. From 7 to 11 it is 4. Between 2 and 50 we have the following pairs of 2-gaps primes: 3-5, 5-7, 11-13, 17-19, 29-31, 41-43

A prime gap of length n is a run of n-1 consecutive composite numbers between two successive primes (see: http://mathworld.wolfram.com/PrimeGaps.html).

We will write a function gap with parameters:

g (integer >= 2) which indicates the gap we are looking for
m (integer > 2) which gives the start of the search (m inclusive)
n (integer >= m) which gives the end of the search (n inclusive)

In the example above gap(2, 3, 50) will return [3, 5] or (3, 5) or {3, 5} which is the first pair between 3 and 50 with a 2-gap.

So this function should return the first pair of two prime numbers spaced with a gap of g between the limits m, n if these numbers exist otherwise nil or null or None or Nothing (depending on the language).

In C++ return in such a case {0, 0}. In F# return [||]

Examples: gap(2, 5, 7) --> [5, 7] or (5, 7) or {5, 7}

gap(2, 5, 5) --> nil. In C++ {0, 0}. In F# [||]

gap(4, 130, 200) --> [163, 167] or (163, 167) or {163, 167}

([193, 197] is also such a 4-gap primes between 130 and 200 but it's not the first pair)

gap(6,100,110) --> nil or {0, 0} : between 100 and 110 we have 101, 103, 107, 109 but 101-107is not a 6-gap because there is 103in between and 103-109is not a 6-gap because there is 107in between.

知识点

• 主要的问题是如何快速判断一个数是不是质数，可以判断从2到sqrt(n)是否能整除
• Sieve of Eratosthenes筛法
  首先2是质数，把2的倍数去掉；此时3没有被去掉，可认为是质数，所以把3的倍数去掉；再到5，再到7，7之后呢，因为8，9，10刚才都被去掉了，而100以内的任意合数肯定都有一个因子小于10（100的开方），所以，去掉，2，3，5，7的倍数后剩下的都是质数了。
  用程序可以这样解决，引入布尔类型数组a[i]，如果i是质数，a[i]=true，否则a[i]=false。那么划掉i可以表示成a[i]=false。