包管理工具vcpkg

vcpkg MacOS

安装 vcpkg

    $ brew install vcpkg

配置

• 如使用 QtCreator

  在 QtCreator 工程的 [构建设置] --> [CMake] --> [Initial CMake parameters] 中加入参数 -DCMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE=/opt/homebrew/opt/vcpkg/libexec/scripts/buildsystems/vcpkg.cmake

• 如使用Visual Studio Code 中的 CMake Tools

  将以下内容添加到您的工作区的 settings.json 中将使CMake Tools自动使用vcpkg中的第三方库:

{
    "cmake.configureSettings": {
        "CMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE": "/opt/homebrew/opt/vcpkg/libexec/scripts/buildsystems/vcpkg.cmake"
    }
}

• Visual Studio CMake 工程中使用 vcpkg

打开CMake设置选项，将 vcpkg toolchain 文件路径在 CMake toolchain file 中：
[vcpkg root]/scripts/buildsystems/vcpkg.cmake

• CLion 中使用 vcpkg

打开 Toolchains 设置 (File > Settings on Windows and Linux, CLion > Preferences on macOS)， 并打开 CMake 设置 (Build, Execution, Deployment > CMake)。 最后在 CMake options 中添加 -DCMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE=/opt/homebrew/opt/vcpkg/libexec/scripts/buildsystems/vcpkg.cmake

• 将 vcpkg 作为一个子模块

  当您希望将vcpkg作为一个子模块加入到您的工程中时， 您可以在第一个 project() 调用之前将以下内容添加到 CMakeLists.txt 中， 而无需将 CMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE 传递给cmake调用。

set(CMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/vcpkg/scripts/buildsystems/vcpkg.cmake
  CACHE STRING "Vcpkg toolchain file")

使用此种方式可无需设置 CMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE 即可使用vcpkg，且更容易完成配置工作。

• 如使用终端

    $ cmake -B [build directory] -S . -DCMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE=/opt/homebrew/opt/vcpkg/libexec/scripts/buildsystems/vcpkg.cmake
    $ cmake --build [build directory]

vcpkg 常用指令

# 搜索包
    $ vcpkg search sqlite
    > libodb-sqlite        2.4.0            Sqlite support for the ODB ORM library
    > sqlite3              3.32.1           SQLite is a software library that implements a se...
    >
# 安装包
    $ vcpkg install sqlite3
    > Computing installation plan...
    > The following packages will be built and installed:
    >     sqlite3[core]:x86-windows
    > Starting package 1/1: sqlite3:x86-windows
    > Building package sqlite3[core]:x86-windows...
    > -- Downloading https://sqlite.org/2020/sqlite-amalgamation-3320100.zip...
    > -- Extracting source C:/src/vcpkg/downloads/sqlite-amalgamation-3320100.zip
    > -- Applying patch fix-arm-uwp.patch
    > -- Using source at C:/src/vcpkg/buildtrees/sqlite3/src/3320100-15aeda126a.clean
    > -- Configuring x86-windows
    > -- Building x86-windows-dbg
    > -- Building x86-windows-rel
    > -- Performing post-build validation
    > -- Performing post-build validation done
    > Building package sqlite3[core]:x86-windows... done
    > Installing package sqlite3[core]:x86-windows...
    > Installing package sqlite3[core]:x86-windows... done
    > Elapsed time for package sqlite3:x86-windows: 12 s
    >
    > Total elapsed time: 12.04 s
    >
    > The package sqlite3:x86-windows provides CMake targets:
    >
    >     find_package(unofficial-sqlite3 CONFIG REQUIRED)
    >     target_link_libraries(main PRIVATE unofficial::sqlite3::sqlite3))
# 浏览已安装包
    $ vcpkg list
    > sqlite3:x86-windows  3.32.1           SQLite is a software library that implements a se...
# 删除过时的包
    $ vcpkg remove --outdated
# 更新已安装的包
    $ vcpkg upgrade --no-dry-run
# 全局集成环境
    $ vcpkg integrate install
    > Applied user-wide integration for this vcpkg root.
    > 
    > All C++ projects can now #include any installed libraries.
    > Linking will be handled automatically.
    > Installing new libraries will make them instantly available.
# 删除全局集成环境
    $ vcpkg integrate remove

常规情况下，我们需要设置include目录、lib目录等，会有很多工作量。而vcpkg提供了一套机制，可以全自动的适配目录，而开发者不需要关心已安装的库的目录在哪里，也不需要设置。这是vcpkg的一大优势。