Android 测试学习笔记（一）

Android 测试 TDD 持续集成

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测试内容

1. Activity and Fragment lifecycle events
2. Database and FileSystem operations
3. Network capabilities
4. Screen densities and Screen sizes
5. Availability of sensors
6. Keyboard and other input devices
7. GPS
8. External storage

测试类别

• 单元测试（Unit tests）
  
  • setUp() / tearDown()【be careful very large and very long test : GC】
  • Named begin testXXX()
  • Class: Asserts
    

    assertTrue()、assertFalse()、assertEquals()、assertNull()、assertNotNull()
    assertSame()、assertNotSame()、fail()

  • Class: MoreAsserts、ViewAsserts
• 集成测试（Integration tests）
  
  • UI tests
  • @UIThreadTest
  • class: TouchUtils【Click、Long Click、Drag、Scroll、Tap and Touch】
• 功能性或验收测试（Functional or acceptance tests）
  
  • QA、Customers、Product Owners
  • Frameworks: Calabash、FitNesse
  • BDD【参考：jbehave】
• 性能测试
• 系统测试
  
  • GUI 测试
  • 烟雾测试（Smoke tests）
  • 安装测试
  • Mutations tests

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Instrumentation : android.test.InstrumentationTestRunner（default runner）

testApplicationId "com.blundell.something.non.default"
testInstrumentationRunner "com.blundell.tut.CustomTestRunner"
testHandleProfiling false
testFunctionalTest true
testCoverageEnabled true

测试教程（Part One）

第一个测试

public class MainActivityTest extends TestCase {
    public MainActivityTest() {
        super("MainActivityTest");
    }
    public MainActivityTest(String name) {  // 
        super(name);
    }
    @SmallTest
    public void testSomething() throws Exception {
        fail("Not implemented yet");
    }
}

1. 从命令行执行测试
   am instrument [flags] <COMPONENT> -r -e <NAME> <VALUE> -p <FILE> -w

   adb shell
   am instrument -w -e class
   com.blundell.tut.MainActivityTest\#testSomething
   com.blundell.tut.test/android.test.InstrumentationTestRunner

   • 获取测试用例清单
     am instrument -e log true
   • <NAME> <VALUE> 其它取值有：package、coverage

2. Test Annotations

   • @SmallTest、@MediumTest、@LargeTest
   • @Smoke（android.test.suitebuilder.SmokeTestSuiteBuilder）
   • @FlakyTest（@FlakyTest(tolerance=4)）
   • @UIThreadTest
   • @Suppress

3. 创建自定义 annotation

@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
public @Interface VeryImportantTest {
}
// ...
@VeryImportantTest
public void testOtherStuff() {
    fail("Also not implemented yet");
}

am instrument -w -e annotation com.blundell.tut.VeryImportantTest
com.blundell.tut.test/android.test.InstrumentTestRunner

View Assertions

• assertBaselineAligned、assertBottomAligned
• assertGroupContains、assertGroupNotContains: This asserts that the specified group contains a specific child once and only once.
• assertGroupIntegrity: This asserts the specified group’s integrity. The child count should be >= 0 and each child should be non-null.
• assertHasScreenCoordinates: This asserts that a View has a particular x and y position on the visible screen.
• assertHorizontalCenterAligned: This asserts that the test View is horizontally center aligned with respect to the reference view.
• assertLeftAligned、assertRightAligned: This asserts that two Views are left aligned; that is, their left edges are on the same x location. An optional margin can also be provided.
• assertOffScreenAbove、assertOffScreenBelow: This asserts that the specified view is above the visible screen.
• assertOnScreen: This asserts that a View is on the screen.
• assertTopAligned: This asserts that two Views are top aligned; that is, their top edges are on the same y location. An optional margin can also be specified.
• assertVerticalCenterAligned: This asserts that the test View is vertically center-aligned with respect to the reference View.

public void testUserInterfaceLayout() {
    int margin = 0;
    View origin = mActivity.getWindow().getDecorView();
    assertOnScreen(origin, editText);
    assertOnScreen(origin, button);
    assertRightAligned(editText, button, margin);
}

MoreAsserts

• assertAssignableFrom
• assertContainsRegex
• assertContainsInAnyOrder
• assertContainsInOrder
• assertEmpty
• assertEquals
• assertMatchesRegex
• assertNotContainsRegex
• assertNotMatchesRegex
• checkEqualsAndHashCodeMethods

@UiThreadTest
public void testNoErrorInCapitalization() {
    String msg = "capitalize this text";
    editText.setText(msg);
    button.performClick();
    String actual = editText.getText().toString();
    String notExpectedRegexp = "(?i:ERROR)";
    String errorMsg = "Capitalization error for " + actual;
    assertNotContainsRegex(errorMsg, notExpectedRegexp, actual);
}

TouchUtils class

public void testListScrolling() {
    listView.scrollTo(0, 0);
    TouchUtils.dragQuarterScreenUp(this, activity);
    int actualItemPosition = listView.getFirstVisiblePosition();
    assertTrue("Wrong position", actualItemPosition > 0);
}

Mock objects【but stubs, suggests extend】

• MockApplication、MockContext
• MockContentProvider、MockContentResolver
• MockCursor
• MockDialogInterface
• MockPackageManager
• MockResources

The IsolatedContext Class

• android.test.IsolatedContext
• 与其它组件隔离进行封闭测试

文件与数据库操作的测试

• Class: RenamingDelegatingContext
• 真实文件: birthdays.txt ---> 测试文件: testbirthdays.txt

基本测试基类

• AndroidTestCase
• ApplicationTestCase
• ProviderTestCase2
• ServiceTestCase

其它基本测试类或方法

The assertActivityRequiresPermission() method

public void assertActivityRequiresPermission(String packageName, String className, String permission)

public void testActivityPermission()    {
    String pkg = "com.blundell.tut";
    String activity = PKG + ".MyContactsActivity";
    String permission = android.Manifest.permission.CALL_PHONE;             
    assertActivityRequiresPermission(pkg, activity, permission);
}

The assertReadingContentUriRequiresPermission() method

public void assertReadingContentUriRequiresPermission(Uri uri, String permission)

The assertWritingContentUriRequiresPermission() method

public void assertWritingContentUriRequiresPermission(Uri uri, String permission)

The ActivityMonitor inner class

public void testFollowLink() {
    IntentFilter intentFilter = new IntentFilter(Intent.ACTION_VIEW);
    intentFilter.addDataScheme("http");
    intentFilter.addCategory(Intent.CATEGORY_BROWSABLE);
    Instrumentation inst = getInstrumentation();
    ActivityMonitor monitor = inst.addMonitor(intentFilter, null, false);
    TouchUtils.clickView(this,  linkTextView);
    monitor.waitForActivityWithTimeout(3000);
    int monitorHits = monitor.getHits();
    inst.removeMonitor(monitor);
    assertEquals(1, monitorHits);
}   

The InstrumentationTestCase class

• ActivityTestCase
• ProviderTestCase2
  
  • ProviderTestCase2(Class<T> providerClass, String providerAuthority)
  • implementation of this test uses IsolatedContext and MockContentResolver
• SingleLaunchActivityTestCase
• SyncBaseInstrumentation
• ActivityInstrumentationTestCase2
• ActivityUnitTestCase

The launchActivity() and launchActivityWithIntent() methods

public fina T launchActivity(String pkg, Class<T> activityCls, Bundle extras)
public final T launchActivityWithIntent(String pkg, Class<T> activityCls, Intent intent)

The sendKeys() and sendRepeatedKeys() methods

public void testSendKeyInts()   {
    requestMessageInputFocus();
    sendKeys(
        KeyEvent.KEYCODE_H,
        KeyEvent.KEYCODE_E,
        KeyEvent.KEYCODE_E,
        KeyEvent.KEYCODE_E,
        KeyEvent.KEYCODE_Y,
        KeyEvent.KEYCODE_DPAD_DOWN,
        KeyEvent.KEYCODE_ENTER);
    /*
    sendRepeatedKeys(
        1,  KeyEvent.KEYCODE_H,
        3,  KeyEvent.KEYCODE_E,
        1,  KeyEvent.KEYCODE_Y,
        1,  KeyEvent.KEYCODE_DPAD_DOWN,
        1,  KeyEvent.KEYCODE_ENTER);
     */
    // sendKeys("H 3*E Y DPAD_DOWN ENTER");
    String actual = messageInput.getText().toString();
    assertEquals("HEEEY", actual);
}
private void requestMessageInputFocus() {
    try {
        runTestOnUiThread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                messageInput.requestFocus();
            }
        });
    } catch (Throwable throwable) {
        fail("Could not request focus.");
    }
    instrumentation.waitForIdleSync();
}

The scrubClass() method

protected void scrubClass(class<?> testCaseClass)
- invoked from the tearDown() method
- clean up class virables for prevent memory leaks for large test suites.

The ActivityInstrumentationTestCase2 class

• InstrumentationTestCase.launchActivity()
• setActivityIntent(Intent intent)

The setUp() and tearDown() method

protected void setUp() throws Exception {
    super.setUp();
    // this must be called before getActivity() 
    // disabling touch mode allows for sending key events
    setActivityInitialTouchMode(false);
    activity = getActivity();
    instrumentation = getInstrumentation();
    linkTextView = (TextView)activity.findViewById(R.id.main_text_link);
    messageInput = (EditText)activity.findViewById(R.id.main_input_message);
    capitalizeButton = (Button)activity.findViewById(R.id.main_button_capitalize);
}   
protected void tearDown() throws Exception {
    super.tearDown();
    myObject.dispose();
}

ProviderTestCase2 examples

public void testQuery() {
    String segment = "dummySegment";
    Uri uri = Uri.withAppendedPath(MyProvider.CONTENT_URI, segment);
    Cursor c = provider.query(uri, null, null, null, null);
    try {
        int actual = c.getCount();
        assertEquals(2, actual);
    } finally {
        c.close();
    }
}
public void testDeleteByIdDeletesCorrectNumberOfRows()  {
    String segment = "dummySegment";
    Uri uri = Uri.withAppendedPath(MyProvider.CONTENT_URI, segment);
    int actual = provider.delete(uri, "_id  = ?", new String[]{"1"});
    assertEquals(1, actual);
}

The ServiceTestCase

• public ServiceTestCase(Class<T> serviceClass)

The TestSuiteBuilder.FailedToCreateTests class

The TestSuiteBuilder.FailedToCreateTests class is a special TestCase class used to indicate a failure during the build() step.

在测试中使用库

import com.blundell.dummylibrary.Dummy;
public class MyFirstProjectActivity extends Activity {
    private Dummy dummy;
    @Override
    public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        final EditText messageInput = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.main_input_message);
        Button capitalizeButton = (Button) findViewById(R.id.main_button_capitalize);
        capitalizeButton.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                String input = messageInput.getText().toString();
                messageInput.setText(input.toUpperCase());
            }
        });
        dummy = new Dummy();
    }
    public Dummy getDummy() {
        return dummy;
    }
    public static void methodThatShouldThrowException() throws Exception {
        throw new Exception("This is an exception");
    }
}

public void testDummy() {
    assertNotNull(activity.getDummy());
}