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Docker组件

• Docker客户端和服务器
• Docker镜像
• Registry
• Docker容器

MAC OS X中安装Boot2Docker

1、安装虚拟机VirtualBox
2、http://boot2docker.io下载并安装boot2docker.pkg

Boot2Docker常用命令

zhangshangdeMBP:~ zhangshuang$ boot2docker help
Usage: boot2docker [<options>] <command> [<args>]
Boot2Docker management utility.
Commands:
   init                Create a new Boot2Docker VM.
   up|start|boot       Start VM from any states.
   ssh [ssh-command]   Login to VM via SSH.
   save|suspend        Suspend VM and save state to disk.
   down|stop|halt      Gracefully shutdown the VM.
   restart             Gracefully reboot the VM.
   poweroff            Forcefully power off the VM (may corrupt disk image).
   reset               Forcefully power cycle the VM (may corrupt disk image).
   delete|destroy      Delete Boot2Docker VM and its disk image.
   config|cfg          Show selected profile file settings.
   info                Display detailed information of VM.
   ip                  Display the IP address of the VM's Host-only network.
   shellinit           Display the shell commands to set up the Docker client.
   status              Display current state of VM.
   download            Download Boot2Docker ISO image.
   upgrade             Upgrade the Boot2Docker ISO image (restart if running).
   version             Display version information.
Options:
      --basevmdk="": Path to VMDK to use as base for persistent partition
      --clobber=true: overwrite Docker client binary on boot2docker upgrade
  -c, --cpus=4: number of CPUs for boot2docker.
      --dhcp=true: enable VirtualBox host-only network DHCP.
      --dhcpip=192.168.59.99: VirtualBox host-only network DHCP server address.
  -s, --disksize=20000: boot2docker disk image size (in MB).
      --dockerport=0: host Docker port (forward to port 2376 in VM). (deprecated - use with care)
      --driver="virtualbox": hypervisor driver.
      --force-upgrade-download=false: always download on boot2docker upgrade, never skip
      --hostip=192.168.59.3: VirtualBox host-only network IP address.
      --iso="/Users/zhangshuang/.boot2docker/boot2docker.iso": path to boot2docker ISO image.
      --iso-url="https://api.github.com/repos/boot2docker/boot2docker/releases": source URL to provision the boot2docker ISO image.
      --lowerip=192.168.59.103: VirtualBox host-only network DHCP lower bound.
  -m, --memory=2048: virtual machine memory size (in MB).
      --netmask=ffffff00: VirtualBox host-only network mask.
      --no-dummy="": Example parameter for the dummy driver.
      --retries=75: number of port knocking retries during 'start'
      --serial=false: try serial console to get IP address (experimental)
      --serialfile="": path to the serial socket/pipe.
      --ssh="ssh": path to SSH client utility.
      --ssh-keygen="ssh-keygen": path to ssh-keygen utility.
      --sshkey="/Users/zhangshuang/.ssh/id_boot2docker": path to SSH key to use.
      --sshport=2022: host SSH port (forward to port 22 in VM).
      --upperip=192.168.59.254: VirtualBox host-only network DHCP upper bound.
      --vbm="VBoxManage": path to VirtualBox management utility.
      --vbox-share=[]: (defaults to '/Users=Users' if no shares are specified; use 'disable' to explicitly prevent any shares from being created) List of directories to share during 'up|start|boot' via VirtualBox Guest Additions, with optional labels
  -v, --verbose=false: display verbose command invocations.
      --vm="boot2docker-vm": virtual machine name.
      --waittime=300: Time in milliseconds to wait between port knocking retries during 'start'

• 首次安装需要安装一个新的虚拟机

zhangshangdeMBP:~ zhangshuang$ boot2docker init
  WARNING: The 'boot2docker' command line interface (not to be confused with
  'boot2docker' the operating system) is officially deprecated.
  Please switch to Docker Machine (https://docs.docker.com/machine/) ASAP.
  Docker Toolbox (https://docker.com/toolbox) is the recommended install method.
Virtual machine boot2docker-vm already exists
本地若已经存在，会报以上信息

• 查看boot2docker VM运行状态

zhangshangdeMBP:~ zhangshuang$ boot2docker status
running

• 进入boot2docker VM 终端

zhangshangdeMBP:~ zhangshuang$ boot2docker ssh
                        ##         .
                  ## ## ##        ==
               ## ## ## ## ##    ===
           /"""""""""""""""""\___/ ===
      ~~~ {~~ ~~~~ ~~~ ~~~~ ~~~ ~ /  ===- ~~~
           \______ o           __/
             \    \         __/
              \____\_______/
 _                 _   ____     _            _
| |__   ___   ___ | |_|___ \ __| | ___   ___| | _____ _ __
| '_ \ / _ \ / _ \| __| __) / _` |/ _ \ / __| |/ / _ \ '__|
| |_) | (_) | (_) | |_ / __/ (_| | (_) | (__|   <  __/ |
|_.__/ \___/ \___/ \__|_____\__,_|\___/ \___|_|\_\___|_|
Boot2Docker version 1.12.2, build HEAD : 9d8e41b - Tue Oct 11 23:40:08 UTC 2016
Docker version 1.12.2, build bb80604
只有进入此终端才能执行docker相关的操作
docker@boot2docker:~$ docker info

Docker常用命令

bash-3.2$ docker 
Usage: docker [OPTIONS] COMMAND [arg...]
       docker [ -h | --help | -v | --version ]
A self-sufficient runtime for containers.
Options:
  --config=~/.docker                                        Location of client config files
  -D, --debug=false                                         Enable debug mode
  -H, --host=[]                                             Daemon socket(s) to connect to
  -h, --help=false                                          Print usage
  -l, --log-level=info                                      Set the logging level
  --tls=false                                               Use TLS; implied by --tlsverify
  --tlscacert=~/.boot2docker/certs/boot2docker-vm/ca.pem    Trust certs signed only by this CA
  --tlscert=~/.boot2docker/certs/boot2docker-vm/cert.pem    Path to TLS certificate file
  --tlskey=~/.boot2docker/certs/boot2docker-vm/key.pem      Path to TLS key file
  --tlsverify=true                                          Use TLS and verify the remote
  -v, --version=false                                       Print version information and quit
Commands:
    attach    Attach to a running container
    build     Build an image from a Dockerfile
    commit    Create a new image from a container's changes
    cp        Copy files/folders from a container to a HOSTDIR or to STDOUT
    create    Create a new container
    diff      Inspect changes on a container's filesystem
    events    Get real time events from the server
    exec      Run a command in a running container
    export    Export a container's filesystem as a tar archive
    history   Show the history of an image
    images    List images
    import    Import the contents from a tarball to create a filesystem image
    info      Display system-wide information
    inspect   Return low-level information on a container or image
    kill      Kill a running container
    load      Load an image from a tar archive or STDIN
    login     Register or log in to a Docker registry
    logout    Log out from a Docker registry
    logs      Fetch the logs of a container
    pause     Pause all processes within a container
    port      List port mappings or a specific mapping for the CONTAINER
    ps        List containers
    pull      Pull an image or a repository from a registry
    push      Push an image or a repository to a registry
    rename    Rename a container
    restart   Restart a running container
    rm        Remove one or more containers
    rmi       Remove one or more images
    run       Run a command in a new container
    save      Save an image(s) to a tar archive
    search    Search the Docker Hub for images
    start     Start one or more stopped containers
    stats     Display a live stream of container(s) resource usage statistics
    stop      Stop a running container
    tag       Tag an image into a repository
    top       Display the running processes of a container
    unpause   Unpause all processes within a container
    version   Show the Docker version information
    wait      Block until a container stops, then print its exit code
Run 'docker COMMAND --help' for more information on a command.

查看docker信息

bash-3.2$ docker info
Containers: 0
Images: 1
Storage Driver: aufs
 Root Dir: /mnt/sda1/var/lib/docker/aufs
 Backing Filesystem: extfs
 Dirs: 5
 Dirperm1 Supported: true
Logging Driver: json-file
Kernel Version: 4.4.24-boot2docker
Operating System: Boot2Docker 1.12.2 (TCL 7.2); HEAD : 9d8e41b - Tue Oct 11 23:40:08 UTC 2016
CPUs: 4
Total Memory: 1.955 GiB
Name: boot2docker
ID: JKO2:2VVO:FWNH:XTFT:CUFM:CDPX:KJFM:RKU5:3GZH:5SDB:7L3Y:2U5W
Debug mode (server): true
File Descriptors: 14
Goroutines: 24
System Time: 2016-10-20T04:45:35.210310162Z
EventsListeners: 0
Init SHA1: 
Init Path: 
Docker Root Dir: /mnt/sda1/var/lib/docker
bash-3.2$ docker version
Client:
 Version:      1.8.0
 API version:  1.20
 Go version:   go1.4.2
 Git commit:   0d03096
 Built:        Tue Aug 11 17:17:40 UTC 2015
 OS/Arch:      darwin/amd64
Server:
 Version:      1.12.2
 API version:  1.24
 Go version:   go1.6.3
 Git commit:   bb80604
 Built:        2016-10-11T17:00:50.484464535+00:00
 OS/Arch:      linux/amd64

运行第一个容器

docker run命令提供了Docker容器的创建到启动的功能

创建一个新的交互式的容器
bash-3.2$ docker run -i -t ubuntu /bin/bash
root@3e4d73885a0d:/# 
在容器中执行命令
root@3e4d73885a0d:/# hostname
3e4d73885a0d
root@3e4d73885a0d:/# cat /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1   localhost
::1 localhost ip6-localhost ip6-loopback
fe00::0 ip6-localnet
ff00::0 ip6-mcastprefix
ff02::1 ip6-allnodes
ff02::2 ip6-allrouters
172.17.0.2  3e4d73885a0d
root@3e4d73885a0d:/# ip a
bash: ip: command not found
root@3e4d73885a0d:/# ps -aux
USER       PID %CPU %MEM    VSZ   RSS TTY      STAT START   TIME COMMAND
root         1  0.0  0.1  18240  3208 ?        Ss   04:47   0:00 /bin/bash
root        14  0.0  0.1  34424  2708 ?        R+   04:53   0:00 ps -aux
root@3e4d73885a0d:/# apt-get update && apt-get install vim
退出容器(退出后容器也停止运行)
root@3e4d73885a0d:/# exit

参数说明：

• -i: 交互式的容器，非后台运行
• -t:分配一个伪tty终端
• /bin/bash:窗口启动完之后运行/bin/bash命令启动一个Bash shell.

查看容器状态

docker ps 可查看正在运行中的容器，若想查看所有的容器，请使用：docker ps -a

docker@boot2docker:~$ docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
3e4d73885a0d        ubuntu              "/bin/bash"         10 minutes ago      Up 10 minutes                           trusting_dijkstra
docker@boot2docker:~$ docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
3e4d73885a0d        ubuntu              

注意：

有三种方式可以指定一个容器

• 短UUID：3e4d73885a0d
• 长UUID：3e4d73885a0d3e4d73885a0d3e4d73885a0d3e4d73885a0d
• 名称：trusting_dijkstra

容器命名

创建指定名称的容器，容器的名称必须唯一，若要创建一个名称已经存在的容器，请先行删除（docker rm ）

docker@boot2docker:~$ docker run --name zhangshuang_ubuntu -i -t ubuntu /bin/bash
bash-3.2$ docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
4f2b0800c4a4        ubuntu              "/bin/bash"         31 seconds ago      Up 30 seconds                           zhangshuang_ubuntu

其他操作

docker@boot2docker:~$ docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS                      PORTS               NAMES
4f2b0800c4a4        ubuntu              "/bin/bash"         8 minutes ago       Exited (0) 5 minutes ago                        zhangshuang_ubuntu
3e4d73885a0d        ubuntu              "/bin/bash"         26 minutes ago      Exited (0) 10 minutes ago                       trusting_dijkstra
启动一个关闭状态的docker容器
##1.以UUID方式启动
docker@boot2docker:~$ docker start 4f2b0800c4a4
4f2b0800c4a4
##2.以名称方式启动
docker@boot2docker:~$ docker start zhangshuang_ubuntu
zhangshuang_ubuntu
关闭一个运行状态的docker容器
##1.以UUID方式关闭
docker@boot2docker:~$ docker stop 4f2b0800c4a4
4f2b0800c4a4
##2.以名称方式关闭
docker@boot2docker:~$ docker stop zhangshuang_ubuntu
zhangshuang_ubuntu
进入一个运行状态中的容器
##1.以UUID方式进入
docker@boot2docker:~$ docker attach 4f2b0800c4a4
root@4f2b0800c4a4:/# 
##2.以名称方式进入
docker@boot2docker:~$ docker attach zhangshuang_ubuntu
root@4f2b0800c4a4:/# 

创建守护式容器

除了交互式的容器，我们也可以创建长期运行的守护式容器

bash-3.2$ docker run --name daemon_ubuntu -d ubuntu /bin/bash -c "while true;do echo hello world;sleep 1;done"
96c02f665916644ca0ad1f1042870a250704b0f678f0fe59176a62c657dafa17
ddocker@boot2docker:~$ docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
96c02f665916        ubuntu              "/bin/bash -c 'while "   44 seconds ago      Up 43 seconds                           daemon_ubuntu
docker@boot2docker:~$ 
获取容器的日志
docker@boot2docker:~$ docker logs daemon_ubuntu
hello world
hello world
hello world
hello world
hello world
hello world
hello world
hello world
hello world
hello world
docker@boot2docker:~$ docker logs -ft  daemon_ubuntu
2016-10-20T13:38:43.006288996Z hello world
2016-10-20T13:38:44.007539058Z hello world
2016-10-20T13:38:45.009713914Z hello world
2016-10-20T13:38:46.013797038Z hello world
2016-10-20T13:38:47.023904915Z hello world
2016-10-20T13:38:48.026268144Z hello world
2016-10-20T13:38:49.030625520Z hello world
2016-10-20T13:38:50.033924806Z hello world
查看容器内的进程
docker@boot2docker:~$ docker top daemon_ubuntu
UID                 PID                 PPID                C                   STIME               TTY                 TIME                CMD
root                4858                4843                0                   13:38               ?                   00:00:00            /bin/bash -c while true;do echo hello world;sleep 1;done
root                5108                4858                0                   13:41               ?                   00:00:00            sleep 1
docker@boot2docker:~$ 
在容器内部运行进程(创建一个文件)
docker@boot2docker:~$ docker exec -d daemon_ubuntu touch /etc/new_config_file
以下方式进入容器退出后，容器仍然运行
docker@boot2docker:~$ docker  exec -i -t daemon_ubuntu /bin/bash
root@e3ec89e5d9c5:/# exit
exit
docker@boot2docker:~$ docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
e3ec89e5d9c5        ubuntu              "/bin/bas
自动重启容器
docker@boot2docker:~$ docker run --restart=always --name=daemon_restart_ubuntu -d ubuntu /bin/bash -c "while true;do echo hello world;sleep 2;done"
a7a19f1c8db4461397f849e1395866162d5a0689633d7333054a5a2f62c27a6f
--restart标志被 设置为always.无论容器的退出代码是什么，Docker都会自动重启该容器，除了always，我们还可以将这个标志设为on-failure，这样，只有当容器的退出代码为非0值的时候，才会自动重启。另外on-failure还接受一个可选的重启次数参数，如下
--restart=on-failure:5

深入容器

查看容器的详细信息

docker@boot2docker:~$ docker inspect daemon_ubuntu
[
    {
        "Id": "96c02f665916644ca0ad1f1042870a250704b0f678f0fe59176a62c657dafa17",
        "Created": "2016-10-20T13:38:42.688894864Z",
        "Path": "/bin/bash",
        "Args": [
            "-c",
            "while true;do echo hello world;sleep 1;done"
        ],
        "State": {
            "Status": "exited",
            "Running": false,
            "Paused": false,
            "Restarting": false,
            "OOMKilled": false,
            "Dead": false,
            "Pid": 0,
            "ExitCode": 137,
            "Error": "",
            "StartedAt": "2016-10-20T13:38:43.006701815Z",
            "FinishedAt": "2016-10-20T13:45:06.994070869Z"
        },
        "Image": "sha256:f753707788c5c100f194ce0a73058faae1a457774efcda6c1469544a114f8644",
        "ResolvConfPath": "/mnt/sda1/var/lib/docker/containers/96c02f665916644ca0ad1f1042870a250704b0f678f0fe59176a62c657dafa17/resolv.conf",
        "HostnamePath": "/mnt/sda1/var/lib/docker/containers/96c02f665916644ca0ad1f1042870a250704b0f678f0fe59176a62c657dafa17/hostname",
        "HostsPath": "/mnt/sda1/var/lib/docker/containers/96c02f665916644ca0ad1f1042870a250704b0f678f0fe59176a62c657dafa17/hosts",
        "LogPath": "/mnt/sda1/var/lib/docker/containers/96c02f665916644ca0ad1f1042870a250704b0f678f0fe59176a62c657dafa17/96c02f665916644ca0ad1f1042870a250704b0f678f0fe59176a62c657dafa17-json.log",
        "Name": "/daemon_ubuntu",
        "RestartCount": 0,
        "Driver": "aufs",
        "MountLabel": "",
        "ProcessLabel": "",
        "AppArmorProfile": "",
        .........
]
docker inspect 命令会对容器进行详细的检查，然后返回其配置信息，包括名称、命令、网络配置以及很多有用的数据。
我们也可以用-f或者--format标志来选定查看结果
docker@boot2docker:~$ docker inspect --format='{{.State.Running}}' daemon_ubuntu
false
docker@boot2docker:~$ docker inspect --format='{{.NetworkSettings.SandboxKey}}' daemon_ubuntu
/var/run/docker/netns/427e09c6bee8
docker@boot2docker:~$ docker inspect --format='{{.Name}}  {{.NetworkSettings.SandboxKey}}' daemon_ubuntu zhangshuang_ubuntu
/daemon_ubuntu  /var/run/docker/netns/427e09c6bee8
/zhangshuang_ubuntu  /var/run/docker/netns/c62e4ae6384b
删除容器指定的容器
docker@boot2docker:~$ docker rm zhangshuang_ubuntu
zhangshuang_ubuntu
注意：只能删除停止运行的容器
删除所有的容器
docker@boot2docker:~$ docker rm `docker ps -a -q`
a7a19f1c8db4