中洲植物志：J.R.R. 托尔金传说故事集中的植物

（Flora of Middle-Earth: Plants of J.R.R. Tolkien's Legendarium）

J.R.R.托尔金

作者：Walter S. Judd , Graham A. Judd
精装： 424 pages
出版社： 牛津大学出版社；2017年8月15日第一版
语言：英语
ISBN-10：0190276312
ISBN-13：978-0190276317
产品尺寸：9.3 x 1.1 x 6.4 英寸（23.6 x 2.8 x 16.3 厘米）

托尔金的传说故事集中有大量的设定，很少有文学作品能在这方面超越他。自然景观在托尔金的几乎所有作品中，都扮演着重要的角色。读者可以通过纵览这个奇幻世界的地理，来更完整地理解和阅读托尔金的作品。
在设计中洲大陆的时候，托尔金花了用心设计了它的植物群落。据统计，在故事集中有明确地提到和描述超过160种植物。这160多种植物中，近乎都是真实存在的物种；而许多书中的虚构植物，也是根据植物学原理所创的。
在《中洲植物志：J.R.R. 托尔金传说故事集中的植物》中，植物学家Walter S. Judd为托尔金世界中每种的植物，都制作了一份详细的说明，包括植物名字的语源、从原作中摘录的描述语句、该植物的生长分布。Walter S. Judd站在植物属性和传统用途的角度，解释了托尔金为何会从英国3000多种维管植物中，选取了特定的物种收录于他的作品中。艺术家Graham A. Judd为此书精心绘制了81幅雕版印刷风格的图画。

p.s. 括号里没有标中文的拉丁文，意思等同于括号前的中文

目录
名词列表································xi
致谢·········································xv
1. 序言：J.R.R. 托尔金传说故事集中植物的重要性·······························1
2. 中洲的植物群落·······························6
北极苔原与极地沙漠·······························6
北方针叶林（泰加林）和山地针叶林·······························8
草地、牧场和干草原·······························11
沙漠·······························14
凉温带到暖温带落叶林·······························16
中洲树木与英格兰树木的对比·······························23
被霍比特人、人类、精灵或类天使生灵（迈雅或维拉）改变的植物群落·······························25
3. 生命多样性，重点讨论绿色植物·······························29
4. 植物形态学序言：学习描述植物的术语·······························36
生存期和习性·······························37
根·······························38
茎·······························38
叶·······························39
花序·······························44
花·······························45
果实和种子·······························48
花粉和种实·······························49
5. 中洲植物识别·······························50
方法一：中洲植物的关键点·······························52
方法二：中洲的开花草本植物·······························59
6. 泰尔佩瑞安和劳瑞林：维林诺的双圣树·······························67
语源·······························71
泰尔佩瑞安的描述·······························72
劳瑞林的描述·······························72
7. 中洲的植物·······························73
J.R.R. 托尔金传说故事集中的植物列表·······························74
艾格洛斯、金雀花或荆豆（Ulex europaeus）·······························78
赤杨（Alnus spp.）·······························81
阿尔费琳和瑁珑（黄花贝母种 Fritillaria spp., yellow-flowered）·······························83
银莲（Anemone spp.）·······························86
苹果（Malus domestica、Malus sylvestris和相关物种）·······························89
白蜡树（Fraxinus spp.）·······························92
大麦（Hordeum vulgare）·······························95
月桂（Laurus nobilis）·······························97
松萝（Usnea spp.）·······························98
山毛榉（Fagus spp.）·······························101
山桑子或越橘（Vaccinium myrtillus、Vaccinium uliginosum和相关物种）·······························104
桦树（Betula spp.）·······························107
黑莓、覆盆子、树莓（悬钩子属Rubus spp.）·······························110
蕨菜（Pteridium aquilinum）·······························114
毛莨（Ranunculus spp.）·······························117
剪秋萝（Silene spp.）·······························118
雪松（黎巴嫩雪松Cedrus libani）·······························120
苜蓿（三叶草属Trifolium spp.）·······························123
咖啡（小果咖啡Coffea arabica和中粒咖啡Coffea canephora）·······························125
芹、水芹（豆瓣菜Nasturtium officinale和相关物种）·······························128
藻青菌、蓝绿细菌（一个细菌的亚群，各种各样的藻青菌属）·······························130
水仙（Narcissus spp.）·······························133
雏菊（Bellis perennis）·······························134
蒲公英（欧蒲公英Taraxacum officinale，红果蒲公英Taraxacum officinale和相关）·······························136
柿树（Diospyros spp.）·······························137
埃拉诺（一种琉璃花，J.R.R. 托尔金传奇故事集中的特有物种）·······························138
榆树（Ulmus spp.）·······························142
永志花、辛贝穆奈、微洛斯（一种银莲花，J.R.R. 托尔金传奇故事集中的特有物种）·······························144
蕨类（铁线蕨Adiantum、铁角蕨Asplenium、蹄盖蕨Athryium、乌毛蕨Blechnum、鳞毛蕨Dryopteris、多足蕨Polypodium、金星蕨Thelypteris、岩蕨Woodsia和其他）·······························147
火龙草（毛脉柳兰Chamerion angustifolium）·······························148
冷杉（Abies spp.）·······························152
旗百合或黄花鸢尾（黄花鸢尾Iris pseudacorus）·······························155
亚麻（Linum usitatissimum）·······························157
勿忘我（Myosotis spp.）·······························159
来自埃瑞西亚的芳香树（许多品种）·······························162
葡萄树、葡萄酒（葡萄Vitis vinifera和相关）·······························163
草（各种温带草场和干草原，例如：冰草Agropyron、须芒草Andropogon、垂穗草Bouteloua、雀麦Bromus、羊茅Festuca、洽草Koeleria、黍Panicum、早熟禾Poa、裂稃草Schizachyrium、假高粱Sorghastrum、针茅Stipa）·······························166
铁角蕨（Asplenium scolopendrium）·······························169
带刺山楂（Crataegus spp.）·······························172
榛子和榛树（欧洲榛Corylus avellana、大果榛Corylus maxima和相关物种）·······························176
欧石楠（Erica spp.）·······························179
帚石楠（Calluna vulgaris）·······························180
毒芹属伞状花序的毒芹（毒芹Conium maculatum/poison hemlock，或者可能是峨参Anthricus sylvestris/cow parsley）·······························184
恐吓草大麻（Cannabis sativa）·······························187
冬青（枸骨叶冬青Ilex aquifolium和相关物种）·······························188
马栗树、栗子（七叶树属Aesculus spp.）·······························192
常春藤（Hedera helix和相关）·······························195
王叶草、阿塞拉斯（至少部分基于紫草而创，聚合草属Symphytum spp.）·······························198
金链、科瑁兰原野、库露瑁勒达（毒豆/毛叶金链Laburnum anagyroides、苏格兰金链Laburnum alpinum）·······························202
落叶松（Larix spp.）·······························203
薰衣草（Lavandula angustifolia和相关）·······························204
百合（Lilium spp.）·······························207
椴树（Tilia spp.）·······························210
利斯苏因（一种未知物种，从未移植至中洲）·······························213
瑁珑树（J.R.R. 托尔金传奇故事集中的特有物种，部分基于山毛榉Fagus和李Prunus而创）·······························213
苔藓（许多种）·······························216
蘑菇（双孢蘑菇Agaricus bisporus和相关物种）·······························219
金莲花、旱金莲、印第安水芹（旱金莲Tropaeolum majus和相关物种）·······························221
荨麻（大荨麻Urtica dioica和相关物种）·······························224
妮芙瑞迪尔（J.R.R. 托尔金传奇故事集中的特有物种，但是基于雪花莲Galanthus nivalis所创）·······························227
橡树（栎属Quercus spp.）·······························229
油橄榄（Olea europaea）·······························233
松（Pinus spp.）·······························235
烟斗草、烟草（Nicotiana tabacum）·······························239
架菜豆、豆（菜豆属Phaseolus spp.）·······························242
杨树（Populus spp.）·······························245
土豆、马铃薯（Solanum tuberosum）·······························248
芦苇（Phragmites australis）·······························250
岩蔷薇（半日花Helianthemum nummularium和相关）·······························254
根茎（可能是薯蓣Dioscorea spp.）·······························256
玫瑰、野玫瑰、野蔷薇（蔷薇属Rosa spp，但特指锈红蔷薇Rosa rubiginosa和田野蔷薇Rosa arvensis）·······························259
花楸（Sorbus aucuparia和相关物种）·······························262
灯芯草（Juncus spp.）·······························265
鼠尾草（Salvia spp.）·······························267
盐沼草、网茅草（米草Spartina spp.）·······························270
虎耳草（Saxifraga spp.）·······························273
水下磷火微生物（各种各样的荧光鞭毛藻类）·······························275
海藻（各种各样的大型海藻，大昆布Macrocystis，岩藻Fucus，海带Laminaria，糖海带Saccharina，翅藻Alaria，裙带菜Undaria，马尾藻Sargassum）·······························278
莎草（Carex spp.）·······························280
色瑞刚和景天（Sedum spp.）·······························281
黑刺李、李子和樱桃（黑刺李Prunus spinosa、欧洲李Prunus domestica、欧洲酸樱桃Prunus cerasus、欧洲甜樱桃Prunus avium和相关）·······························284
金鱼草（Antirrhinum majus和相关物种）·······························288
酸模（Rumex acetosa和它有着酸叶的近缘种，例如：Rumex subgenus Acetosa）·······························290
向日葵（Helianthus annuus）·······························293
野茶树（Camellia sinensis）·······························294
蓟（Cirsium spp.）·······························295
海石竹（Armeria maritima）·······························298
芜菁（Brassica rapa，着重强调了芜菁和它们的野生近缘种）·······························299
无名的类冬青树（山龙眼种 Banksia sp.，可能与班克木Banksia integrifolia有关）·······························302
睡莲（白睡莲Nymphaea alba和相关物种）·······························303
小麦（Triticum aestivum和近缘种）·······························305
刚铎的白树（J.R.R. 托尔金传奇故事集中的特有物种）·······························308
垂柳（Salix spp.）·······························311
峨参（Anthricus sylvestris）·······························315
紫杉（Taxus spp.）·······························321
伊希利恩的植物·······························323
中洲的食用植物·······························330
霍比特名·······························335
布理名·······························342
未能识别与被废弃的中洲植物·······························344
8. 插画家的注释·······························347

词汇表·······························351
参考文献·······························359
索引·······························363