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@zhaikun 2016-12-28T02:16:28.000000Z 字数 3623 阅读 1374

docker 容器启动

docker

启动容器

启动容器有两种方式，一种是基于镜像新建一个容器并启动，另外一个是将在终止状态（stopped）的容器重新启动。

因为 Docker 的容器实在太轻量级了，很多时候用户都是随时删除和新创建容器。

新建并启动

所需要的命令主要为 docker run。
例如，下面的命令输出一个 “Hello World”，之后终止容器。

  1. [root@zzk ~]# docker run -it centos /bin/echo "Hello world"
  2. Hello world
  3. [root@zzk ~]#

这跟在本地直接执行 /bin/echo 'hello world' 几乎感觉不出任何区别。

下面的命令则启动一个 bash 终端，允许用户进行交互。

  1. [root@zzk ~]# docker run -it centos bash
  2. [root@ddc24a6d00f0 /]#

其中，-t 选项让Docker分配一个伪终端（pseudo-tty）并绑定到容器的标准输入上， -i 则让容器的标准输入保持打开。

当利用 docker run 来创建容器时，Docker 在后台运行的标准操作包括：

启动已终止容器

可以利用 docker ps -a 命令查看当前系统中容器的列表。

  1. [root@zzk ~]# docker ps -a
  2. CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS                           PORTS                         NAMES
  3. ddc24a6d00f0        centos              "bash"                   5 minutes ago       Exited (0) 5 seconds ago                                       modest_gates
  4. 7b71848a072a        centos              "/bin/echo 'Hello wor"   7 minutes ago       Exited (0) 7 minutes ago                                       big_bell
  5. c4cc44e8870f        nginx:1.9           "nginx -g 'daemon off"   About an hour ago   Up 15 minutes                    0.0.0.0:80->80/tcp, 443/tcp   webserver
  6. edbe3f8b74d1        centos              "/bin/bash"              5 hours ago         Exited (137) About an hour ago                                 big_gates
  7. 2d8e610dea5c        centos              "bash"                   2 days ago          Exited (137) About an hour ago                                 berserk_payne
  8. 46bb9ad81a01        bash                "bash"                   2 days ago          Exited (0) 2 days ago                                          goofy_albattani
  9. ed0595a5ff0e        bash                "bash"                   2 days ago          Exited (0) 2 days ago                                          stupefied_albattani
  10. 2004577f8837        bash                "bash"                   3 days ago          Exited (0) 3 days ago                                          mad_keller
  11. ef263c4b2603        bash                "bash"                   3 days ago          Exited (0) 3 days ago                                          tiny_keller
  12. 6e9df078978c        bash                "bash"                   3 days ago          Exited (127) 3 days ago                                        grave_roentgen
  13. 0bd749bde8cc        centos              "/bin/bas"               3 days ago          Created                                                        thirsty_nobel
  14. [root@zzk ~]#

利用docker start(restart、stop)启动，重启，停止容器
根据CONTAINER ID 重新启动

  1. [root@zzk ~]# docker start ddc24a6d00f0
  2. ddc24a6d00f0
  3. [root@zzk ~]# docker ps -a
  4. CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS                           PORTS                         NAMES
  5. ddc24a6d00f0        centos              "bash"                   8 minutes ago       Up 5 seconds                                                   modest_gates
  6. 7b71848a072a        centos              "/bin/echo 'Hello wor"   10 minutes ago      Exited (0) 10 minutes ago                                      big_bell
  7. c4cc44e8870f        nginx:1.9           "nginx -g 'daemon off"   About an hour ago   Up 18 minutes                    0.0.0.0:80->80/tcp, 443/tcp   webserver
  8. edbe3f8b74d1        centos              "/bin/bash"              5 hours ago         Exited (137) About an hour ago                                 big_gates
  9. 2d8e610dea5c        centos              "bash"                   2 days ago          Exited (137) About an hour ago                                 berserk_payne
  10. 46bb9ad81a01        bash                "bash"                   2 days ago          Exited (0) 2 days ago                                          goofy_albattani
  11. ed0595a5ff0e        bash                "bash"                   2 days ago          Exited (0) 2 days ago                                          stupefied_albattani
  12. 2004577f8837        bash                "bash"                   3 days ago          Exited (0) 3 days ago                                          mad_keller
  13. ef263c4b2603        bash                "bash"                   3 days ago          Exited (0) 3 days ago                                          tiny_keller
  14. 6e9df078978c        bash                "bash"                   3 days ago          Exited (127) 3 days ago                                        grave_roentgen
  15. 0bd749bde8cc        centos              "/bin/bas"               3 days ago          Created                                                        thirsty_nobel
  16. [root@zzk ~]#

重新附着在容器上(首先要启动该容器，再用attach重新附着该容器)

  1. [root@zzk ~]# docker start ddc24a6d00f0
  2. ddc24a6d00f0
  3. [root@zzk ~]# docker attach modest_gates
  4. [root@ddc24a6d00f0 /]#

查看容器内的进程

  1. [root@zzk ~]# docker top webserver
  2. UID                 PID                 PPID                C                   STIME               TTY                 TIME                CMD
  3. root                48238               48026               0                   14:57               ?                   00:00:00            nginx: master process nginx -g daemon off;
  4. 104                 48251               48238               0                   14:57               ?                   00:00:00            nginx: worker process
  5. [root@zzk ~]#

深入容器

除docker ps 命令获取容器信息之外，我们还可以使用docke inspect来获取更多的容器信息，如下：

  1. [root@zzk ~]# docker inspect webserver
  2. [
  3.     {
  4.         "Id": "c4cc44e8870fae11943237e2eb7e41458dbc7593c300df2bc84d210f4f786d11",
  5.         "Created": "2016-12-26T05:36:28.405796558Z",
  6.         "Path": "nginx",
  7.         "Args": [
  8.             "-g",
  9.             "daemon off;"
  10.         ],
  11.         "State": {
  12.             "Status": "running",
  13.             "Running": true,
  14.             "Paused": false,
  15.             "Restarting": false,
  16.             "OOMKilled": false,
  17.             "Dead": false,
  18.             "Pid": 48238,
  19.             "ExitCode": 0,
  20.             "Error": "",
  21.             "StartedAt": "2016-12-26T06:57:41.916606911Z",
  22.             "FinishedAt": "2016-12-26T06:10:38.660640812Z"
  23.         },
  24.         "Image": "sha256:c8c29d842c09d6c61f537843808e01c0af4079e9e74079616f57dfcfa91d4e25",
  25.         "ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/c4cc44e8870fae11943237e2eb7e41458dbc7593c300df2bc84d210f4f786d11/resolv.conf",
  26.         "HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/c4cc44e8870fae11943237e2eb7e41458dbc7593c300df2bc84d210f4f786d11/hostname",
  27.         "HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/c4cc44e8870fae11943237e2eb7e41458dbc7593c300df2bc84d210f4f786d11/hosts",
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