requests

requests python

requests.get

import requests
r = requests.get('https://github.com/timeline.json') # 返回Response对象
payload = {'key1': 'value1', 'key2': 'value2'}
r = requests.get('https://github.com/timeline.json', params=payload)

requests.put

r = requests.put("http://httpbin.org/put")

requests.post

response = requests.post("http://httpbin.org/post")

定制请求头

import json
url = 'https://api.github.com/some/endpoint'
payload = {'some': 'data'}
headers = {'content-type': 'application/json'}
r = requests.post(url, data=json.dumps(payload), headers=headers)

定制参数

payload = {'key1': 'value1', 'key2': 'value2'}
r = requests.post("http://httpbin.org/post", data=payload)
#r = requests.post(url, data=json.dumps(payload), headers=headers)
print r.text
"""
{
  ...
  "form": {
    "key2": "value2",
    "key1": "value1"
  },
  ...
}
"""

Response.text

读取响应的内容。再次以Github时间线为例:

r = requests.get('https://github.com/timeline.json')
print r.text
# '[{"repository":{"open_issues":0,"url":"https://github.com/...

requests.Session

#-*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import requests
s = requests.Session()
url1 = 'http://www.exanple.com/login'#登陆地址
url2 = "http://www.example.com/main"#需要登陆才能访问的页面地址
data={"user":"user","password":"pass"}
headers = { "Accept":"text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;",
            "Accept-Encoding":"gzip",
            "Accept-Language":"zh-CN,zh;q=0.8",
            "Referer":"http://www.example.com/",
            "User-Agent":"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/42.0.2311.90 Safari/537.36"
            }
res1 = s.post(url1, data=data)
res2 = s.post(url2)
print(resp2.content)

requests.Session.get

get_adapter(url)
Returns the appropriate connnection adapter for the given URL.

requests.Session.post

post(url, data=None, **kwargs)
Sends a POST request. Returns Response object.
参数: 
url – URL for the new Request object.
data – (optional) Dictionary, bytes, or file-like object to send in the body of the Request.
**kwargs – Optional arguments that request takes.

Response.content

以字节的方式访问请求响应体，对于非文本请求，如获取图片:

r = requests.get('https://github.com/timeline.json')
print r.content
# b'[{"repository":{"open_issues":0,"url":"https://github.com/...

Response.json

Requests中也有一个内置的JSON解码器，助你处理JSON数据:

r = requests.get('https://github.com/timeline.json')
print r.json()
# [{u'repository': {u'open_issues': 0, u'url': 'https://github.com/... 

Response.url

import requests
r = requests.get('https://github.com/timeline.json') # 返回Response对象
print r.url
payload = {'key1': 'value1', 'key2': 'value2'}
r = requests.get('https://github.com/timeline.json', params=payload)
print r.url

Response.status_code

检测响应状态码

r = requests.get('http://httpbin.org/get')
r.status_code
# 200

为方便引用，Requests还附带了一个内置的状态码查询对象:

r.status_code == requests.codes.ok
True

Response.headers

查看以一个Python字典形式展示的服务器响应头:

r = requests.get('http://httpbin.org/get')
print r.headers

但是这个字典比较特殊：它是仅为HTTP头部而生的。根据 RFC 2616 ， HTTP头部是大小写不敏感的。
因此，我们可以使用任意大写形式来访问这些响应头字段:

r.headers['Content-Type']
# 'application/json; charset=utf-8'
r.headers.get('content-type')
# 'application/json; charset=utf-8'

Response.cookies

检测收到的cookies

url = 'http://example.com/some/cookie/setting/url'
r = requests.get(url)
r.cookies['example_cookie_name']
# 'example_cookie_value'

发送定制cookies

url = 'http://httpbin.org/cookies'
cookies = dict(cookies_are='working')
r = requests.get(url, cookies=cookies)
print r.text
# '{"cookies": {"cookies_are": "working"}}'

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