@ghimi 2018-07-26T08:09:09.000000Z 字数 9040 阅读 722

Maven 构建生命周期

maven

构建生命周期是什么?

构建生命周期阶段的目标是执行顺序是一个良好定义的序列.
这里使用一个例子,一个典型的 Maven 构建生命周期是由下列顺序的阶段:

阶段	处理	描述
准备资源	资源复制	资源复制可以定制
编译	执行编译	源代码编译在此阶段完成
包装	打包	创建JAR/WAR包如在 pom.xml 中定义提及的包
安装	安装	这一阶段在本地/远程Maven仓库安装程序包

可用于注册必须执行一个特定的阶段之前或之后的目标,有之前处理和之后处理阶段.
当 Maven 开始建立一个项目,它通过定义序列阶段步骤和执行注册的每个阶段的目标.
* clean
* default
* site
目标代表一个特定的任务,它有助于项目的建设和管理.可以被绑定到零个或多个生成阶段.一个没有绑定到任何构建阶段的目标,它的构建生命周期可以直接调用执行.
执行的顺序取决于目标和构建阶段时的调用顺序.例如,考虑下面的命令.清理和打包(mvn clean) 参数的构建阶段,而 dpendency:copy-dependencies package 是一个目标.

mvn clean denpendency:copy-dependencies package

在这里,清洁的阶段将首先执行,然后是依赖关系:赋值依赖性的目标将被执行,最后执行打包阶段.

清理(clean) 生命周期

当我们执行命令mvn clean命令后, Maven 调用清理的生命周期有一下几个阶段组成:
* pre-clean
* clean
* post-clean
Maven 清洁目标 ( clean:clean ) 被绑定清理的生命周期阶段.clean:clean 目标删除 build 目录下的构建输出.因此,当 mvn clean 命令执行时, Maven 会删除编译目录.
目标清理生命周期在上述阶段,我们可以自定义此行为.
在下面的示例中,我们将附加 maven-antrun-plugin:run 对目标进行预清理,清理和清理后者三个阶段.这将使我们能够调用的信息显示清理生命周期的各个阶段.现在来创建了一个 pom.xml 文件在 C:\MVN\ 项目文件夹中,具体内容如下:

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
   xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0
   http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.companyname.projectgroup</groupId>
<artifactId>project</artifactId>
<version>1.0</version>
<build>
<plugins>
   <plugin>
   <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
   <artifactId>maven-antrun-plugin</artifactId>
   <version>1.1</version>
   <executions>
      <execution>
         <id>id.pre-clean</id>
         <phase>pre-clean</phase>
         <goals>
            <goal>run</goal>
         </goals>
         <configuration>
            <tasks>
               <echo>pre-clean phase</echo>
            </tasks>
         </configuration>
      </execution>
      <execution>
         <id>id.clean</id>
         <phase>clean</phase>
         <goals>
          <goal>run</goal>
         </goals>
         <configuration>
            <tasks>
               <echo>clean phase</echo>
            </tasks>
         </configuration>
      </execution>
      <execution>
         <id>id.post-clean</id>
         <phase>post-clean</phase>
         <goals>
            <goal>run</goal>
         </goals>
         <configuration>
            <tasks>
               <echo>post-clean phase</echo>
            </tasks>
         </configuration>
      </execution>
   </executions>
   </plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>

现在,打开命令控制台,到该文件夹包含 pom.xml 并执行以下mvn 命令.

C:\MVN\project>mvn post-clean

Maven 将开始处理并显示生命周期的所有阶段.

[INFO] Scanning for projects...
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Building Unnamed - com.companyname.projectgroup:project:jar:1.0
[INFO]    task-segment: [post-clean]
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] [antrun:run {execution: id.pre-clean}]
[INFO] Executing tasks
     [echo] pre-clean phase
[INFO] Executed tasks
[INFO] [clean:clean {execution: default-clean}]
[INFO] [antrun:run {execution: id.clean}]
[INFO] Executing tasks
     [echo] clean phase
[INFO] Executed tasks
[INFO] [antrun:run {execution: id.post-clean}]
[INFO] Executing tasks
     [echo] post-clean phase
[INFO] Executed tasks
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD SUCCESSFUL
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time: < 1 second
[INFO] Finished at: Sat Jul 07 13:38:59 IST 2012
[INFO] Final Memory: 4M/44M
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------

你可以尝试调整 mvn 清理命令,该命令将显示清理前什么都不会执行.

默认(或生成)生命周期

这是 Maven 主要的生命周期,用于构建应用程序,他有一下23个阶段.

生命周期阶段	描述
validate	验证项目是否正确,并且所有必要的信息可用于完成构建过程
initialize	建立初始化状态,例如设置属性
gengerate-surces	产生任何的源代码包含在编译阶段
process-sources	处理源代码,例如,过滤器值
generate-resources	包含在保重产生的资源
process-resources	复制和处理资源到目标目录,准备打包阶段
compile	编译该项目的源代码
process-classes	从编译生成的文件提交处理,例如:Java 类的字节码增强/优化
genereate-test-sources	生成任何测试的源代码包含在编译阶段
process-test-sources	处理测试源代码,例如,过滤器任何值
test-compile	编译测试源代码到测试目标目录
process-test-classes	处理测试代码文件编译生成的文件
test	运行测试使用的合适的单元测试框架(Junit)
prepare-package	执行必要的任何操作的实际打包之前准备一个包
package	提取编译后的代码,并在其分发格式打包,如JAR,WAR或EAR文件
pre-integration-test	完成执行测试之前所需操作.例如,设置所需的环境
verify	运行任何检查,验证包是有效的,符合质量审核规定
install	将包安装到本地存储库,它可以用作当地其他项目的依赖
deploy	赋值最终的包到远程仓库与其他开发者和项目共享

有涉及到Maven 声明周期值得一提几个重要概念:
* 当一个阶段是通过 Maven 命令调用,例如: mvn compile,只有阶段到达并包括这个阶段才会被执行.
* 不同的Maven 目标绑定到 Maven 声明周期的不同阶段这是取决于包类型(JAR/WAR/EAR).
下面的示例中,将附加的 Maven 的 antrun 插件:运行目标构建生命周期的几个阶段.这将使我们能够回显的信息显示生命周期的各个阶段.

我们已经更新了在 C:\MVN\ 项目文件夹中的 pom.xml 文件.

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
  xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0
  http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.companyname.projectgroup</groupId>
<artifactId>project</artifactId>
<version>1.0</version>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-antrun-plugin</artifactId>
<version>1.1</version>
<executions>
   <execution>
      <id>id.validate</id>
      <phase>validate</phase>
      <goals>
         <goal>run</goal>       </goals>
      <configuration>
         <tasks>
            <echo>validate phase</echo>
         </tasks>
      </configuration>
   </execution>
   <execution>
      <id>id.compile</id>
      <phase>compile</phase>
      <goals>
         <goal>run</goal>
      </goals>
      <configuration>
         <tasks>
            <echo>compile phase</echo>
         </tasks>
      </configuration>
   </execution>
   <execution>
      <id>id.test</id>
      <phase>test</phase>
      <goals>
         <goal>run</goal>
      </goals>
      <configuration>
         <tasks>
            <echo>test phase</echo>
         </tasks>
      </configuration>
   </execution>
   <execution>
         <id>id.package</id>
         <phase>package</phase>
         <goals>
            <goal>run</goal>
         </goals>
         <configuration>
         <tasks>
            <echo>package phase</echo>
         </tasks>
      </configuration>
   </execution>
   <execution>
      <id>id.deploy</id>
      <phase>deploy</phase>
      <goals>
         <goal>run</goal>
      </goals>
      <configuration>
      <tasks>
         <echo>deploy phase</echo>
      </tasks>
      </configuration>
   </execution>
</executions>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>

现在,打开命令控制台,进入 pom.xml 并执行以下 mvn 命令.

C:\MVN\project>mvn compile

编译阶段, Maven 将开始构建生命周期的阶段处理并显示

INFO] Scanning for projects...
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Building Unnamed - com.companyname.projectgroup:project:jar:1.0
[INFO]    task-segment: [compile]
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] [antrun:run {execution: id.validate}]
[INFO] Executing tasks
     [echo] validate phase
[INFO] Executed tasks
[INFO] [resources:resources {execution: default-resources}]
[WARNING] Using platform encoding (Cp1252 actually) to copy filtered resources,
i.e. build is platform dependent!
[INFO] skip non existing resourceDirectory C:\MVN\project\src\main\resources
[INFO] [compiler:compile {execution: default-compile}]
[INFO] Nothing to compile - all classes are up to date
[INFO] [antrun:run {execution: id.compile}]
[INFO] Executing tasks
     [echo] compile phase
[INFO] Executed tasks
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD SUCCESSFUL
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time: 2 seconds
[INFO] Finished at: Sat Jul 07 20:18:25 IST 2012
[INFO] Final Memory: 7M/64M
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------

网站的生命周期

Maven 的网站插件通常用于创建新的文档,创建报告,部署网站等.
阶段:
* pre-site
* site
* post-site
* site-deploy
在下面的示例中,我们将附加 maven-sntrun-plugin:run 目标网站的生命周期的所有阶段.这将使我们能够调用短信显示的生命周期的各个阶段.
现在更新 pom.xml 文件在 C:\MVN\项目文件夹中.

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
  xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0
  http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.companyname.projectgroup</groupId>
<artifactId>project</artifactId>
<version>1.0</version>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-antrun-plugin</artifactId>
<version>1.1</version>
   <executions>
      <execution>
         <id>id.pre-site</id>
         <phase>pre-site</phase>
         <goals>
            <goal>run</goal>
         </goals>
         <configuration>
            <tasks>
               <echo>pre-site phase</echo>
            </tasks>
         </configuration>
      </execution>
      <execution>
         <id>id.site</id>
         <phase>site</phase>
         <goals>
         <goal>run</goal>
         </goals>
         <configuration><tasks>
               <echo>site phase</echo>
            </tasks>
         </configuration>
      </execution>
      <execution>
         <id>id.post-site</id>
         <phase>post-site</phase>
         <goals>
            <goal>run</goal>
         </goals>
         <configuration>
            <tasks>
               <echo>post-site phase</echo>
            </tasks>
         </configuration>
      </execution>
      <execution>
         <id>id.site-deploy</id>
         <phase>site-deploy</phase>
         <goals>
            <goal>run</goal>
         </goals>
         <configuration>
            <tasks>
               <echo>site-deploy phase</echo>
            </tasks>
         </configuration>
      </execution>
   </executions>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>

打开命令控制台,进入该文件夹包含pom.xml并执行以下mvn命令.

C:\MVN\project>mvn site

Maven将开始处理并显示网站的生命周期阶段的各个阶段.

[INFO] Scanning for projects...
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Building Unnamed - com.companyname.projectgroup:project:jar:1.0
[INFO]    task-segment: [site]
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] [antrun:run {execution: id.pre-site}]
[INFO] Executing tasks
     [echo] pre-site phase
[INFO] Executed tasks
[INFO] [site:site {execution: default-site}]
[INFO] Generating "About" report.
[INFO] Generating "Issue Tracking" report.
[INFO] Generating "Project Team" report.
[INFO] Generating "Dependencies" report.
[INFO] Generating "Project Plugins" report.
[INFO] Generating "Continuous Integration" report.
[INFO] Generating "Source Repository" report.
[INFO] Generating "Project License" report.
[INFO] Generating "Mailing Lists" report.
[INFO] Generating "Plugin Management" report.
[INFO] Generating "Project Summary" report.
[INFO] [antrun:run {execution: id.site}]
[INFO] Executing tasks
     [echo] site phase
[INFO] Executed tasks
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD SUCCESSFUL
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time: 3 seconds
[INFO] Finished at: Sat Jul 07 15:25:10 IST 2012
[INFO] Final Memory: 24M/149M
[INFO] -