TED - Michel Laberge: How synchronized hammer strikes could generate nuclear fusion

TED Michel-Laberge energy-nuclear-fusion index2

TED-2014-MichelLaberge-NuclearFusion

• just around the corner 转角遇到爱

• energy crisis 金融危机

• the US (at the National Ignition Facility in California); Europe (at ITER) ; and China are all working on fusion in multi-billion-dollar labs. 美国 欧洲 中国

• plasma. 固态、液态、气态，等离子态。

• General Fusion is seizing on a unique opportunity when government programs are fully committed to supporting NIF and ITER... General Fusion has chosen the middle ground, harking back to the LINUS project 30 years ago but never tested.

• as convenient and as cost-effective as oil, gas and coal. 电池

• two ways of making nuclear energy: fission and fusion. 聚类：拆裂聚类，聚合聚类

• The sun and all the stars in the universe run on fusion.太阳核聚变。氢的三种同位素：氕氘氚

• those two nuclei, they are both positively charged,so they don't want to fuse. 同性相斥

• in order to make them fuse, you have to throw them at each other with great speed, and if they have enough speed, they will go against the repulsion, they will touch, and they will make energy. 速度与激情

• the particle speed is a measure of the temperature. 速度，温度。TED-2014-Lin-Galaxies：great speeds means great temperatures

• the temperature required for fusion is 150 billion degrees C. 阿里巴巴：两千亿 > 一千五百亿。同性相吸也是可能的：温度/速度超过临界点

• a mid-life crisis, you know, the usual thing: Who am I? What should I do? What should I do? What can I do?

• So some people buy a Porsche. Others get a mistress. But I've decided to get my bit to solve global warming and make fusion happen. 豪车与美女 vs. 应对全球变暖和让核聚变变得可能

• the first thing I did is I looked into the literature and I see, how does fusion work? TED-2014-Andraka-pancreatic，第一步都是去《试题调研》

• hot gas in the middle, which is called a plasma. 固态，液态，气态，等离子态（超气态）；原子，分子，离子（阴阳离子）

• laser fusion. 热核聚变，激光聚变

• the gain in fusion over the last 30 years or so, and you can see that we're making now about 10,000 times more fusion than we used to when we started. it's as fast as the fabled Moore's Law that defined the amount of transistors they can put on a chip.

• this machine will produce 500 megawatts of fusion power with only 50 megawatts to make it.It's going to work. 什么叫work: 产出投入比大于10倍

• ITER, for example, could have been built in 2000 or 2005,but because it's a big international collaboration, the politics got in and it delayed it a bit. For example, it took them about three years to decide where to put it. 政教分离：政治，教育。上海科技大学

• you have to compare that to the cost of making Moore's Law. That cost way more than that. The result of Moore's Law is this cell phone here in my pocket. This cell phone, and the Internet behind it, cost about one trillion dollars. 广义相对论： 比较才能出真知

• catch the heat from those neutrons and run some steam to spin a turbine somewhere 引导，权衡之术

• a mix between a magnetized fusion and the laser fusion. 杂种，才是良种。

• the plasma cools down faster than the compression speed. What about if we use a big hammer and we swing it and we hit the nail like this, in the place of putting the hammer on the nail and pushing and try to put it in? 天下武功，无坚不破，唯快不破

• The big labs have shown that fusion is doable, and now there are small companies that are thinking about that, and they say, it's not that it cannot be done, but it's how to make it cost-effectively. 先跑起来，然后跑的再快些！