@xushengkai 2023-07-14T02:39:53.000000Z 字数 26358 阅读 473

容器自动化（一）Docker基础

自动化运维

容器自动化（一）Docker基础
- 一.docker的安装
- 二.docker操作命令

一.docker的安装

centos下安装docker
关闭防火墙和selinux

其他系统参照如下文档 https://docs.docker.com/engine/install/centos/

移除之前docker的相关包

sudo yum remove docker \
                  docker-client \
                  docker-client-latest \
                  docker-common \
                  docker-latest \
                  docker-latest-logrotate \
                  docker-logrotate \
                  docker-engine

配置yum源

sudo yum install -y yum-utils
sudo yum-config-manager \
--add-repo \
http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo

安装docker

sudo yum -y install docker-ce
#安装k8s时使用
yum install -y docker-ce-20.10.7 docker-ce-cli-20.10.7  containerd.io-1.4.6

启动docker

//开机自启动
systemctl enable docker --now

配置加速

//这里额外添加了docker的生产环境核心配置cgroup
sudo mkdir -p /etc/docker
sudo tee /etc/docker/daemon.json <<-'EOF'
{
  "registry-mirrors": ["https://82m9ar63.mirror.aliyuncs.com"],
  "exec-opts": ["native.cgroupdriver=systemd"],
  "log-driver": "json-file",
  "log-opts": {
    "max-size": "100m"
  },
  "storage-driver": "overlay2"
}
EOF
sudo systemctl daemon-reload
sudo systemctl restart docker

二.docker操作命令

1.docker命令：search

用于从docker的官方公有镜像仓库查找镜像

查看Docker Hub上公开的centos镜像

[root@localhost ~]# docker search centos
NAME                                         DESCRIPTION                                      STARS     OFFICIAL   AUTOMATED
centos                                       DEPRECATED; The official build of CentOS.        7486      [OK]       
kasmweb/centos-7-desktop                     CentOS 7 desktop for Kasm Workspaces             33                   
bitnami/centos-base-buildpack                Centos base compilation image                    0                    [OK]
bitnami/centos-extras-base                                                                    0                    
couchbase/centos7-systemd                    centos7-systemd images with additional debug…   6                    [OK]
···此处省略···
//参数解释：
Name：镜像的名字
DESCRIPTION：描述
STARS：星级（越高越好）
OFFICIAL：是否是官方发布的
AUTOMATED:是否自动化的

查找星级大于100的centos镜像

[root@localhost ~]# docker search centos -f stars=100  
NAME      DESCRIPTION                                 STARS     OFFICIAL   AUTOMATED
centos    DEPRECATED; The official build of CentOS.   7486      [OK]

多条件查找--filter

#查找官方发布的，星级大于100的centos镜像
[root@localhost ~]# docker search centos --filter is-official=true --filter stars=100
NAME      DESCRIPTION                                 STARS     OFFICIAL   AUTOMATED
centos    DEPRECATED; The official build of CentOS.   7486      [OK]     
//docker search centos -f is-official=true -f stars=100
 -f = --filter

2.docker命令：pull

用于从Docker Hub上下载公有镜像

#查找符合条件的centos镜像
[root@localhost ~]# docker search centos -f is-official=true -f stars=100
NAME      DESCRIPTION                                 STARS     OFFICIAL   AUTOMATED
centos    DEPRECATED; The official build of CentOS.   7486      [OK]       
#下载centos镜像
[root@localhost ~]# docker pull centos
Using default tag: latest
latest: Pulling from library/centos
a1d0c7532777: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:a27fd8080b517143cbbbab9dfb7c8571c40d67d534bbdee55bd6c473f432b177
Status: Downloaded newer image for centos:latest
docker.io/library/centos:latest

3.docker命令：images

查看本地镜像

[root@localhost ~]# docker images 
REPOSITORY   TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED         SIZE
centos       latest    5d0da3dc9764   17 months ago   231MB
//参数解释:
特别说明：
REPOSITORY：镜像仓库（下边罗列的都是本地已有镜像名称）
TAG：镜像的标记（为了区分同名镜像）
IMAGES ID：镜像的ID号
CREATED：此镜像的创建时间
SIZE：此镜像的大小

4.dokcer命令：build

用于本地自定义镜像的构建，需要创建Dockerfile文件
注意Dockerfile文件内不能写注释等不然会报错

#创建Dockerfile文件的存储目录
[root@192 ~]# mkdir -p /root/dockerfile/lib/centos/7
#下载centos7镜像
[root@192 ~]# docker pull centos:7
7: Pulling from library/centos
2d473b07cdd5: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:9d4bcbbb213dfd745b58be38b13b996ebb5ac315fe75711bd618426a630e0987
Status: Downloaded newer image for centos:7
docker.io/library/centos:7
#创建docker.sh脚本
[root@192 ~]# cd dockerfile/lib/centos/7/
[root@192 7]# vim docker.sh
#!/bin/bash
while true
do
    echo "welcome xushengkai"
    sleep 4
done
#创建Dockerfile配置文件，文件名称必须为Dockerfile，第一个字母必须大写
[root@192 7]# vim Dockerfile
FROM centos:7    #基于centos7镜像构建，前提是有这个镜像
LABEL MAINTATNER="xushengkai"    #作者的名字
RUN ln -sfv /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai /etc/localtime   #RUN：在镜像构建过程中运行命令
//将系统时间更新为上海时间
ADD docker.sh   /home/test/    #从本地系统中把docker.sh文件添加到构建中的镜像的/home/test/目录下,目录不存在会自动创建                    
RUN chmod +x /home/test/docker.sh     #在镜像构建过程中运行命令
CMD ["/home/test/docker.sh"]     #构建镜像完成时，最后执行的命令
#根据Dockfile配置文件构建一个自定义镜像
[root@192 7]# docker build -t  xushengkai/centos7:v1  ./
[+] Building 0.2s (9/9) FINISHED                                                                                                      
 => [internal] load build definition from Dockerfile                                                                             0.0s
 => => transferring dockerfile: 258B                                                                                             0.0s
 => [internal] load .dockerignore                                                                                                0.0s
 => => transferring context: 2B                                                                                                  0.0s
 => [internal] load metadata for docker.io/library/centos:7                                                                      0.0s
 => [1/4] FROM docker.io/library/centos:7                                                                                        0.0s
 => CACHED [2/4] RUN ln -sfv /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai /etc/localtime                                                    0.0s
 => [internal] load build context                                                                                                0.0s
 => => transferring context: 30B                                                                                                 0.0s
 => [3/4] ADD docker.sh   /home/test/                                                                                            0.0s
 => [4/4] RUN chmod +x /home/test/docker.sh                                                                                      0.2s
 => exporting to image                                                                                                           0.0s
 => => exporting layers                                                                                                          0.0s
 => => writing image sha256:3f1765bba10e1eefba1489aacb6901e64ce0171b4d9986ca08622eb5dd7b1a9e                                     0.0s
 => => naming to docker.io/xushengkai/centos7:v1   
//参数解释：
-t：指定镜像名称  
1：设定镜像的tag标记
./：Dockerfile文件的位置                 
[root@192 7]# docker images
REPOSITORY           TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED         SIZE
xushengkai/centos7   v1        3f1765bba10e   4 minutes ago   204MB
nginx                latest    605c77e624dd   13 months ago   141MB
centos               7         eeb6ee3f44bd   17 months ago   204MB
centos               latest    5d0da3dc9764   17 months ago   231MB   
#运行镜像进程，查看结果
[root@192 7]# docker run -dit  3f1765bba10e
2133c06768040c0726c8f3e05f32b2ba8e1765a81830465f33514ad49301ba9c
[root@192 7]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE          COMMAND                  CREATED          STATUS          PORTS     NAMES
2133c0676804   3f1765bba10e   "/home/test/docker.sh"   14 seconds ago   Up 13 seconds             friendly_cray
[root@192 7]# docker attach 2133
welcome xushengkai
welcome xushengkai
welcome xushengkai
welcome xushengkai
welcome xushengkai
//脚本每隔4秒输出一句话

5.docker命令：run

运行一个本地镜像

#下载nginx镜像
[root@localhost ~]# docker pull nginx
Using default tag: latest
latest: Pulling from library/nginx
a2abf6c4d29d: Pull complete 
a9edb18cadd1: Pull complete 
589b7251471a: Pull complete 
186b1aaa4aa6: Pull complete 
b4df32aa5a72: Pull complete 
a0bcbecc962e: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:0d17b565c37bcbd895e9d92315a05c1c3c9a29f762b011a10c54a66cd53c9b31
Status: Downloaded newer image for nginx:latest
docker.io/library/nginx:latest
#查看镜像
[root@localhost ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY   TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED         SIZE
nginx        latest    605c77e624dd   13 months ago   141MB
centos       latest    5d0da3dc9764   17 months ago   231MB
#运行本地镜像nginx
[root@localhost ~]# docker run --name=mynginx   -dit   --restart=always -p  88:80   nginx
b97e361570155a0b7850a459b2c11139ff0447a2221f98d51e582ff013bad112
//参数解释：
docker run：运行一个指定的images id
-d：放在后台运行
-i：可以进行命令交互
-t：制作一个伪终端用于登陆
--restart=always: 开机自启
-p 88:80  将主机的88端口映射到80端口

6.docker命令：ps

查看已经运行的镜像进程

[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                   CREATED             STATUS             PORTS                               NAMES
e995eee690e4   centos    "/bin/bash"               About an hour ago   Up About an hour                                       funny_maxwell
b97e36157015   nginx     "/docker-entrypoint.…"   2 hours ago         Up 2 hours         0.0.0.0:88->80/tcp, :::88->80/tcp   mynginx
#查看所有运行的镜像进程（包含退出的exit）
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                   CREATED             STATUS             PORTS                               NAMES
e995eee690e4   centos    "/bin/bash"               About an hour ago   Up About an hour                                       funny_maxwell
b97e36157015   nginx     "/docker-entrypoint.…"   2 hours ago         Up 2 hours         0.0.0.0:88->80/tcp, :::88->80/tcp   mynginx
//特别提示：
STATUS：进程的状态，UP表示正在运行中，EXIT表示已经退出了。

7.docker命令：attach

从本地系统中切入到某个STATUS状态是UP的镜像进程里

#查看所有已经运行的镜像进程（包含退出的exit）
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                   CREATED         STATUS          PORTS                               NAMES
b92e34f5003d   centos    "/bin/bash"               6 seconds ago   Up 5 seconds                                        beautiful_bose
b97e36157015   nginx     "/docker-entrypoint.…"   2 hours ago     Up 32 seconds   0.0.0.0:88->80/tcp, :::88->80/tcp   mynginx
#进入到容器id为b92e34f5003d 的镜像进程里
[root@localhost ~]# docker attach b92e34f5003d  
[root@b92e34f5003d /]# pwd
/
[root@b92e34f5003d /]# exit 
exit   //退出容器
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps -a
]CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                   CREATED              STATUS                          PORTS                               NAMES
b92e34f5003d   centos    "/bin/bash"               About a minute ago   Exited (0) About a minute ago                                       beautiful_bose
b97e36157015   nginx     "/docker-entrypoint.…"   2 hours ago          Up 2 minutes                    0.0.0.0:88->80/tcp, :::88->80/tcp   mynginx
// #容器的进程的STATUS已经处于EXIT状态（之前是后台运行的，切入进去后执行exit就等于手动退出了）

8.docker命令：stop

用于停止一个正在运行着的容器进程

#运行本地centos镜像
[root@localhost ~]# docker run -dit centos
21b27f399c87e6d1f72b0f4f018ea2b0e7c88241a50c1daee5d92fd274b6c6a0
#查看所有已经运行的镜像进程（包含退出的exit）
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                   CREATED          STATUS          PORTS                               NAMES
21b27f399c87   centos    "/bin/bash"               24 seconds ago   Up 23 seconds                                       dreamy_snyder
b97e36157015   nginx     "/docker-entrypoint.…"   2 hours ago      Up 6 minutes    0.0.0.0:88->80/tcp, :::88->80/tcp   mynginx
#停止正在运行的centos镜像进程
[root@localhost ~]# docker stop 21b2
21b2
#查看所有已经运行的镜像进程（包含退出的exit）
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                   CREATED         STATUS                     PORTS                               NAMES
21b27f399c87   centos    "/bin/bash"               2 minutes ago   Exited (0) 2 seconds ago                                       dreamy_snyder
b97e36157015   nginx     "/docker-entrypoint.…"   2 hours ago     Up 8 minutes               0.0.0.0:88->80/tcp, :::88->80/tcp   mynginx
//centos镜像进程显示已经停止

9.docker：start

用于启动一个已经停止了的容器进程

#查看所有已经运行的镜像进程（包含退出的exit）
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                   CREATED         STATUS                     PORTS                               NAMES
21b27f399c87   centos    "/bin/bash"               2 minutes ago   Exited (0) 2 seconds ago                                       dreamy_snyder
b97e36157015   nginx     "/docker-entrypoint.…"   2 hours ago     Up 8 minutes               0.0.0.0:88->80/tcp, :::88->80/tcp   mynginx
#启动停止的centos镜像进程
[root@localhost ~]# docker start 21b27f399c87
21b27f399c87
#查看正在运行的镜像进程
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                   CREATED         STATUS          PORTS                               NAMES
21b27f399c87   centos    "/bin/bash"               5 minutes ago   Up 2 seconds                                        dreamy_snyder
b97e36157015   nginx     "/docker-entrypoint.…"   2 hours ago     Up 10 minutes   0.0.0.0:88->80/tcp, :::88->80/tcp   mynginx

10.docker命令：rm

用于删除一个已经停止了的容器进程
如果没有停止删除需要加 -f参数，强制删除

#查看正在运行的镜像进程
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                   CREATED         STATUS          PORTS                               NAMES
21b27f399c87   centos    "/bin/bash"               5 minutes ago   Up 2 seconds                                        dreamy_snyder
b97e36157015   nginx     "/docker-entrypoint.…"   2 hours ago     Up 10 minutes   0.0.0.0:88->80/tcp, :::88->80/tcp   mynginx
#先停止镜像进程，再删除
[root@localhost ~]# docker stop 21b27
21b27
[root@localhost ~]# docker rm 21b27
21b27
#查看所有已经运行的镜像进程（包含退出的exit）
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                   CREATED       STATUS          PORTS                               NAMES
b97e36157015   nginx     "/docker-entrypoint.…"   2 hours ago   Up 15 minutes   0.0.0.0:88->80/tcp, :::88->80/tcp   mynginx

11.docker命令：rmi

用于删除一个未用作容器启动的本地镜像，如果正在运行，先停止再删除镜像
不停止镜像进程，强制删除镜像加-f参数强制删除镜像，但镜像进程仍会正常运行

#查看镜像
[root@localhost ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY   TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED         SIZE
nginx        latest    605c77e624dd   13 months ago   141MB
mysql        latest    3218b38490ce   13 months ago   516MB
centos       latest    5d0da3dc9764   17 months ago   231MB
#查看正在运行的镜像进程
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                   CREATED       STATUS         PORTS                               NAMES
b97e36157015   nginx     "/docker-entrypoint.…"   3 hours ago   Up 8 minutes   0.0.0.0:88->80/tcp, :::88->80/tcp   mynginx
#删除mysql镜像
[root@localhost ~]# docker rmi mysql
#运行centos镜像进程
[root@localhost ~]# docker run -dit centos
8d350081a85ee9cd682fe833bee600b9f1b663d39c791a28189aade403327753
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                   CREATED         STATUS         PORTS                               NAMES
8d350081a85e   centos    "/bin/bash"               5 seconds ago   Up 4 seconds                                       quizzical_borg
b97e36157015   nginx     "/docker-entrypoint.…"   3 hours ago     Up 9 minutes   0.0.0.0:88->80/tcp, :::88->80/tcp   mynginx
#强制删除正在运行的镜像进程的镜像
[root@localhost ~]# docker rmi -f centos
Untagged: centos:latest
Untagged: centos@sha256:a27fd8080b517143cbbbab9dfb7c8571c40d67d534bbdee55bd6c473f432b177
#查看镜像
[root@localhost ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY   TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED         SIZE
nginx        latest    605c77e624dd   13 months ago   141MB
<none>       <none>    5d0da3dc9764   17 months ago   231MB
#查看容器进程，被占用中
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps -a 
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE          COMMAND                   CREATED          STATUS          PORTS                               NAMES
8d350081a85e   5d0da3dc9764   "/bin/bash"               25 seconds ago   Up 24 seconds                                       quizzical_borg
b97e36157015   nginx          "/docker-entrypoint.…"   3 hours ago      Up 9 minutes    0.0.0.0:88->80/tcp, :::88->80/tcp   mynginx

12.docker命令：commit

将一个更改过的容器进程的容器状态保存为一个新的镜像

#运行容器镜像
[root@192 ~]# docker run -dit centos
4ec79c85b27f1b94e5d48c8ab1d9a048e2696f5b3365450b5a1bec738931d165
[root@192 ~]# docker ps 
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                   CREATED         STATUS         PORTS                               NAMES
4ec79c85b27f   centos    "/bin/bash"               5 seconds ago   Up 5 seconds                                       adoring_haslett
b97e36157015   nginx     "/docker-entrypoint.…"   24 hours ago    Up 2 hours     0.0.0.0:88->80/tcp, :::88->80/tcp   mynginx
#进入容器镜像
[root@192 ~]# docker attach 4ec79c85b27f
#创建新的目录
[root@4ec79c85b27f /]# mkdir yunjisuan 
[root@4ec79c85b27f /]# ls
bin  dev  etc  home  lib  lib64  lost+found  media  mnt  opt  proc  root  run  sbin  srv  sys  tmp  usr  var  yunjisuan
#退出容器
[root@4ec79c85b27f /]# exit
exit
[root@192 ~]# docker ps -a 
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                   CREATED         STATUS                          PORTS                               NAMES
4ec79c85b27f   centos    "/bin/bash"               3 minutes ago   Exited (0) About a minute ago                                       adoring_haslett
b97e36157015   nginx     "/docker-entrypoint.…"   24 hours ago    Up 2 hours                      0.0.0.0:88->80/tcp, :::88->80/tcp   mynginx
#将更改后的容器进程保存为一个新的镜像
[root@192 ~]# docker commit  4ec79c85b27f  xushengkai/centos:v1
sha256:10cafe821fec04ae85a8269a154d185ba5dcc2db605eb45da5e53ffe1b29c23d
[root@192 ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY          TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED         SIZE
xushengkai/centos   v1        10cafe821fec   6 seconds ago   231MB
nginx               latest    605c77e624dd   13 months ago   141MB
centos              latest    5d0da3dc9764   17 months ago   231MB
#运行新的容器镜像
[root@192 ~]# docker run -dit 10cafe821fec
9ec1bad789a77d2a180ca5642355225178cf6cbf4f834e737b277d75c49ef0a3
[root@192 ~]# docker ps 
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE          COMMAND                   CREATED         STATUS         PORTS                               NAMES
9ec1bad789a7   10cafe821fec   "/bin/bash"               4 seconds ago   Up 3 seconds                                       crazy_almeida
b97e36157015   nginx          "/docker-entrypoint.…"   24 hours ago    Up 2 hours     0.0.0.0:88->80/tcp, :::88->80/tcp   mynginx
#切入新镜像的容器进程
[root@192 ~]# docker attach 9ec
[root@9ec1bad789a7 /]# ls
bin  dev  etc  home  lib  lib64  lost+found  media  mnt  opt  proc  root  run  sbin  srv  sys  tmp  usr  var  yunjisuan    //之前创建的目录仍旧存在

13.docker命令：exec

用于从本地操作系统上直接向容器进程发布执行命令并返回结果

[root@192 ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                   CREATED        STATUS       PORTS                               NAMES
b97e36157015   nginx     "/docker-entrypoint.…"   25 hours ago   Up 2 hours   0.0.0.0:88->80/tcp, :::88->80/tcp   mynginx
#查看容器进程里的/目录下所有内容
[root@192 ~]# docker exec b97e36157015 ls /
bin boot  dev  docker-entrypoint.d  docker-entrypoint.sh  etc  home  lib  lib64  media  mnt  opt  proc  root  run   sbin  srv  sys  tmp  usr  var

14.docker命令：cp

用于从本地操作系统上直接向容器进程发布执行命令并返回结果

[root@192 ~]# docker ps -a 
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                   CREATED        STATUS       PORTS                               NAMES
b97e36157015   nginx     "/docker-entrypoint.…"   26 hours ago   Up 3 hours   0.0.0.0:88->80/tcp, :::88->80/tcp   mynginx
[root@192 ~]# docker exec b97e  ls /tmp
1111
[root@192 ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg
 #将指定容器进程的/tmp/1111复制到当前目录下
[root@192 ~]# docker exec cp b97e36157015:/tmp/1111  ./
Error response from daemon: No such container: cp
[root@192 ~]# docker  cp b97e36157015:/tmp/1111  ./
Preparing to copy...
Successfully copied 1.536kB to /root/./
[root@192 ~]# ls
1111  anaconda-ks.cfg
 #将本地文件复制到容器进程里
[root@192 ~]# docker cp anaconda-ks.cfg  b97e36157015:/tmp
Preparing to copy...
Copying to container - 3.072kB
Successfully copied 3.072kB to b97e36157015:/tmp
[root@192 ~]# docker exec b97e  ls /tmp
1111
anaconda-ks.cfg

15.docker命令：create

用于创建一个容器进程，但是并不启动它

[root@192 ~]# docker images 
REPOSITORY          TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED             SIZE
xushengkai/centos   v1        10cafe821fec   About an hour ago   231MB
nginx               latest    605c77e624dd   13 months ago       141MB
centos              latest    5d0da3dc9764   17 months ago       231MB
#创建一个镜像的容器进程，但不直接启动
[root@192 ~]# docker create -it centos
482c947b556e556174004b0f5682cdc49472eee94328a7d212f16041b07fd60f
[root@192 ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                   CREATED         STATUS       PORTS                               NAMES
482c947b556e   centos    "/bin/bash"               4 seconds ago   Created                                          sad_mclean
b97e36157015   nginx     "/docker-entrypoint.…"   26 hours ago    Up 3 hours   0.0.0.0:88->80/tcp, :::88->80/tcp   mynginx
#启动容器进程
[root@192 ~]# docker start 482c
482c
[root@192 ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                   CREATED              STATUS         PORTS                               NAMES
482c947b556e   centos    "/bin/bash"               About a minute ago   Up 3 seconds                                       sad_mclean
b97e36157015   nginx     "/docker-entrypoint.…"   26 hours ago         Up 3 hours     0.0.0.0:88->80/tcp, :::88->80/tcp   mynginx

16.docker命令：diff

查看容器进程与源镜像做对比，发生了改变的文件或文件夹

[root@192 ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                   CREATED         STATUS         PORTS                               NAMES
482c947b556e   centos    "/bin/bash"               5 minutes ago   Up 4 minutes                                       sad_mclean
b97e36157015   nginx     "/docker-entrypoint.…"   26 hours ago    Up 3 hours     0.0.0.0:88->80/tcp, :::88->80/tcp   mynginx
#进入容器镜像
[root@192 ~]# docker attach 482c
#创建目录和文件
[root@482c947b556e /]# mkdir yunjisuan
[root@482c947b556e /]# touch /yunjisuan/{1..5}.jpg
[root@482c947b556e /]# exit
exit
#查看容器进程的变化
[root@192 ~]# docker diff 482c947b556e
A /yunjisuan
A /yunjisuan/5.jpg
A /yunjisuan/1.jpg
A /yunjisuan/2.jpg
A /yunjisuan/3.jpg
A /yunjisuan/4.jpg
C /root
A /root/.bash_history
//A是变化的
//C是相同的

17.docker命令：events

时时监测容器的变化情况

[root@192 ~]# docker events 
2023-02-14T12:48:54.229746158+08:00 container destroy 482c947b556e556174004b0f5682cdc49472eee94328a7d212f16041b07fd60f (image=centos, name=sad_mclean, org.label-schema.build-date=20210915, org.label-schema.license=GPLv2, org.label-schema.name=CentOS Base Image, org.label-schema.schema-version=1.0, org.label-schema.vendor=CentOS)
//此时界面是卡在这里的，处于监控状态，需要打开一个新的窗口测试

18.docker命令：export

将容器进程的文件系统导出到本地

在这里插入图片描述

[root@192 ~]# docker ps 
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                   CREATED        STATUS       PORTS                               NAMES
b97e36157015   nginx     "/docker-entrypoint.…"   26 hours ago   Up 4 hours   0.0.0.0:88->80/tcp, :::88->80/tcp   mynginx
#将容器进程导出成一个tar包
[root@192 ~]# docker export b97e > ./test.tar
[root@192 ~]# ls
1111  anaconda-ks.cfg  test.tar

19.docker命令：import

用于将export导出的文件系统创建为一个镜像

 [root@192 ~]# ls
1111  anaconda-ks.cfg  test.tar
#将导出的tar包文件系统生成一个新的镜像
[root@192 ~]# docker import test.tar  xushengkai/centos:v2
sha256:efecc194d3d689f71f56839ef7a68865c3d4c00635d64f85db142b17e6ffc527
[root@192 ~]# docker images 
REPOSITORY          TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED              SIZE
xushengkai/centos   v2        efecc194d3d6   About a minute ago   140MB
xushengkai/centos   v1        10cafe821fec   5 hours ago          231MB
nginx               latest    605c77e624dd   13 months ago        141MB
centos              latest    5d0da3dc9764   17 months ago        231MB

20.docker命令：history

用于查看一个镜像的历史修改纪录

[root@192 ~]# docker images 
REPOSITORY          TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED         SIZE
xushengkai/centos   v2        efecc194d3d6   3 minutes ago   140MB
xushengkai/centos   v1        10cafe821fec   5 hours ago     231MB
nginx               latest    605c77e624dd   13 months ago   141MB
centos              latest    5d0da3dc9764   17 months ago   231MB
[root@192 ~]# docker history efecc194d3d6
IMAGE          CREATED         CREATED BY   SIZE      COMMENT
efecc194d3d6   3 minutes ago                140MB     Imported from -
[root@192 ~]# docker history 10cafe821fec
IMAGE          CREATED         CREATED BY                                       SIZE      COMMENT
10cafe821fec   5 hours ago     /bin/bash                                        24B       
5d0da3dc9764   17 months ago   /bin/sh -c #(nop)  CMD ["/bin/bash"]             0B        
<missing>      17 months ago   /bin/sh -c #(nop)  LABEL org.label-schema.sc…   0B        
<missing>      17 months ago   /bin/sh -c #(nop) ADD file:805cb5e15fb6e0bb0…   231MB

21.docker命令：info

用于查看当前操作系统的docker运行信息

[root@192 ~]# docker info  
Client:
 Context:    default
 Debug Mode: false
 Plugins:
  buildx: Docker Buildx (Docker Inc.)
    Version:  v0.10.2
    Path:     /usr/libexec/docker/cli-plugins/docker-buildx
  compose: Docker Compose (Docker Inc.)
    Version:  v2.16.0
    Path:     /usr/libexec/docker/cli-plugins/docker-compose
  scan: Docker Scan (Docker Inc.)
    Version:  v0.23.0
    Path:     /usr/libexec/docker/cli-plugins/docker-scan
Server:
 Containers: 1
  Running: 1
  Paused: 0
  Stopped: 0
 Images: 4
 Server Version: 23.0.1
 Storage Driver: overlay2
  Backing Filesystem: xfs
  Supports d_type: true
  Using metacopy: false
  Native Overlay Diff: true
  userxattr: false
 Logging Driver: json-file
 Cgroup Driver: systemd
 Cgroup Version: 1
 Plugins:
  Volume: local
  Network: bridge host ipvlan macvlan null overlay
  Log: awslogs fluentd gcplogs gelf journald json-file local logentries splunk syslog
 Swarm: inactive
 Runtimes: io.containerd.runc.v2 runc
 Default Runtime: runc
 Init Binary: docker-init
 containerd version: 31aa4358a36870b21a992d3ad2bef29e1d693bec
 runc version: v1.1.4-0-g5fd4c4d
 init version: de40ad0
 Security Options:
  seccomp
   Profile: builtin
 Kernel Version: 3.10.0-862.el7.x86_64
 Operating System: CentOS Linux 7 (Core)
 OSType: linux
 Architecture: x86_64
 CPUs: 2
 Total Memory: 1.024GiB
 Name: 192.168.200.146
 ID: 755c1dbe-afbb-48dd-95db-ac152e78c883
 Docker Root Dir: /var/lib/docker
 Debug Mode: false
 Registry: https://index.docker.io/v1/
 Experimental: false
 Insecure Registries:
  127.0.0.0/8
 Registry Mirrors:
  https://82m9ar63.mirror.aliyuncs.com/
 Live Restore Enabled: false
WARNING: bridge-nf-call-iptables is disabled
WARNING: bridge-nf-call-ip6tables is disabled

22.docker命令：inspect

查看某个镜像的详细信息

[root@192 ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY          TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED         SIZE
xushengkai/centos   v2        efecc194d3d6   7 minutes ago   140MB
xushengkai/centos   v1        10cafe821fec   5 hours ago     231MB
nginx               latest    605c77e624dd   13 months ago   141MB
centos              latest    5d0da3dc9764   17 months ago   231MB
[root@192 ~]# docker inspect 605c77e624dd

23.docker命令：kill

强行停止一个或多个正在运行状态的容器进程

[root@192 ~]# docker ps 
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                   CREATED          STATUS          PORTS                               NAMES
37462216a16c   centos    "/bin/bash"               10 seconds ago   Up 10 seconds                                       keen_swanson
b97e36157015   nginx     "/docker-entrypoint.…"   29 hours ago     Up 7 hours      0.0.0.0:88->80/tcp, :::88->80/tcp   mynginx
[root@192 ~]# docker kill 37462216a16c
37462216a16c
[root@192 ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                   CREATED        STATUS       PORTS                               NAMES
b97e36157015   nginx     "/docker-entrypoint.…"   29 hours ago   Up 7 hours   0.0.0.0:88->80/tcp, :::88->80/tcp   mynginx

24.docker命令：save

用于将一个镜像的文件系统导出到本地（export导出的是容器）

在这里插入图片描述

#重新build一个镜像
[root@192 ~]# cd dockerfile/lib/centos/7/
[root@192 7]# ls
Dockerfile  docker.sh
[root@192 7]# docker build -t test:v1 ./
[+] Building 0.0s (9/9) FINISHED                                                                                                      
 => [internal] load build definition from Dockerfile                                                                             0.0s
 => => transferring dockerfile: 258B                                                                                             0.0s
 => [internal] load .dockerignore                                                                                                0.0s
 => => transferring context: 2B                                                                                                  0.0s
 => [internal] load metadata for docker.io/library/centos:7                                                                      0.0s
 => [1/4] FROM docker.io/library/centos:7                                                                                        0.0s
 => [internal] load build context                                                                                                0.0s
 => => transferring context: 30B                                                                                                 0.0s
 => CACHED [2/4] RUN ln -sfv /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai /etc/localtime                                                    0.0s
 => CACHED [3/4] ADD docker.sh   /home/test/                                                                                     0.0s
 => CACHED [4/4] RUN chmod +x /home/test/docker.sh                                                                               0.0s
 => exporting to image                                                                                                           0.0s
 => => exporting layers                                                                                                          0.0s
 => => writing image sha256:3f1765bba10e1eefba1489aacb6901e64ce0171b4d9986ca08622eb5dd7b1a9e                                     0.0s
 => => naming to docker.io/library/test:v1                                                                                       0.0s
[root@192 7]# docker images 
REPOSITORY           TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED          SIZE
test                 v1        3f1765bba10e   11 minutes ago   204MB
xushengkai/centos7   v1        3f1765bba10e   11 minutes ago   204MB
nginx                latest    605c77e624dd   13 months ago    141MB
centos               7         eeb6ee3f44bd   17 months ago    204MB
centos               latest    5d0da3dc9764   17 months ago    231MB
#save导出test：1这个镜像（也可以用id号）
[root@192 7]# docker save test:v1 > test.tar
[root@192 7]# ls
Dockerfile  docker.sh  test.tar

25.docker命令：load

用于将save导出到本地的tar包，重新加载为镜像（和源镜像的名字标识完全一样）

26.docker命令：logs

用于输出一个容器进程内的操作日志

[root@192 ~]# docker ps 
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                   CREATED        STATUS       PORTS                               NAMES
b97e36157015   nginx     "/docker-entrypoint.…"   29 hours ago   Up 7 hours   0.0.0.0:88->80/tcp, :::88->80/tcp   mynginx
[root@192 ~]# docker logs b97e36157015 
/docker-entrypoint.sh: /docker-entrypoint.d/ is not empty, will attempt to perform configuration
/docker-entrypoint.sh: Looking for shell scripts in /docker-entrypoint.d/
/docker-entrypoint.sh: Launching /docker-entrypoint.d/10-listen-on-ipv6-by-default.sh
10-listen-on-ipv6-by-default.sh: info: Getting the checksum of /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf
10-listen-on-ipv6-by-default.sh: info: Enabled listen on IPv6 in /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf
/docker-entrypoint.sh: Launching /docker-entrypoint.d/20-envsubst-on-templates.sh
/docker-entrypoint.sh: Launching /docker-entrypoint.d/30-tune-worker-processes.sh
/docker-entrypoint.sh: Configuration complete; ready for start up
2023/02/13 02:59:17 [notice] 1#1: using the "epoll" event method
2023/02/13 02:59:17 [notice] 1#1: nginx/1.21.5
2023/02/13 02:59:17 [notice] 1#1: built by gcc 10.2.1 20210110 (Debian 10.2.1-6) 
2023/02/13 02:59:17 [notice] 1#1: OS: Linux 3.10.0-862.el7.x86_64

27.docker命令：pause && unpause

用于将一个或多个容器的进程暂停和恢复

[root@192 ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                   CREATED        STATUS       PORTS                               NAMES
b97e36157015   nginx     "/docker-entrypoint.…"   29 hours ago   Up 7 hours   0.0.0.0:88->80/tcp, :::88->80/tcp   mynginx
#暂停容器进程
[root@192 ~]# docker pause b97e36157015
b97e36157015
[root@192 ~]# docker ps 
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                   CREATED        STATUS                PORTS                               NAMES
b97e36157015   nginx     "/docker-entrypoint.…"   29 hours ago   Up 7 hours (Paused)   0.0.0.0:88->80/tcp, :::88->80/tcp   mynginx
#恢复容器进程
[root@192 ~]# docker unpause b97e36157015
b97e36157015
[root@192 ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                   CREATED        STATUS       PORTS                               NAMES
b97e36157015   nginx     "/docker-entrypoint.…"   29 hours ago   Up 7 hours   0.0.0.0:88->80/tcp, :::88->80/tcp   mynginx

28.docker命令：port

用于列出一个容器的端口映射及协议

[root@192 ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY          TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED          SIZE
xushengkai/centos   v2        efecc194d3d6   23 minutes ago   140MB
xushengkai/centos   v1        10cafe821fec   5 hours ago      231MB
nginx               latest    605c77e624dd   13 months ago    141MB
centos              latest    5d0da3dc9764   17 months ago    231MB
#启动一个镜像的容器进程 -p 指定本地2222端口映射到容器的233端口
[root@192 ~]# docker run -dit -p 2222:233 5d0da3dc9764
860a60e76c14d1ef5afd56c392887733226484e1a2d81420e4e39eaa0663e19e
[root@192 ~]# docker ps 
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE          COMMAND                   CREATED         STATUS         PORTS                                     NAMES
860a60e76c14   5d0da3dc9764   "/bin/bash"               3 seconds ago   Up 2 seconds   0.0.0.0:2222->233/tcp, :::2222->233/tcp   sleepy_agnesi
b97e36157015   nginx          "/docker-entrypoint.…"   29 hours ago    Up 7 hours     0.0.0.0:88->80/tcp, :::88->80/tcp         mynginx
 #查看容器进程的端口映射及协议
 [root@192 ~]# docker port 860a60e76c14
233/tcp -> 0.0.0.0:2222
233/tcp -> [::]:2222

29.docker命令：rename

给容器进程重命名

[root@192 ~]# docker ps 
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND       CREATED         STATUS         PORTS     NAMES
1b407e16577f   centos    "/bin/bash"   3 seconds ago   Up 2 seconds             heuristic_swirles
#修改名字
[root@192 ~]# docker rename  heuristic_swirles xushengkai
[root@192 ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND       CREATED              STATUS              PORTS     NAMES
1b407e16577f   centos    "/bin/bash"   About a minute ago   Up About a minute             xushengkai

30.docker命令：restart

重启一个容器进程

[root@192 ~]# docker ps 
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND       CREATED         STATUS         PORTS     NAMES
1b407e16577f   centos    "/bin/bash"   2 minutes ago   Up 2 minutes             xushengkai
#重启
[root@192 ~]# docker restart 1b407e16577f
1b407e16577f
[root@192 ~]# docker ps 
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND       CREATED         STATUS        PORTS     NAMES
1b407e16577f   centos    "/bin/bash"   2 minutes ago   Up 1 second             xushengkai

31.docker命令：stats

时时输出容器的资源使用情况

[root@192 ~]# docker ps 
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND       CREATED         STATUS              PORTS     NAMES
1b407e16577f   centos    "/bin/bash"   4 minutes ago   Up About a minute             xushengkai
[root@192 ~]# docker stats 1b407e16577f
CONTAINER ID   NAME         CPU %     MEM USAGE / LIMIT   MEM %     NET I/O     BLOCK I/O   PIDS
1b407e16577f   xushengkai   0.00%     536KiB / 1.024GiB   0.05%     648B / 0B   0B / 0B     1
CONTAINER ID   NAME         CPU %     MEM USAGE / LIMIT   MEM %     NET I/O     BLOCK I/O   PIDS
1b407e16577f   xushengkai   0.00%     536KiB / 1.024GiB   0.05%     648B / 0B   0B / 0B     1
//只要不暂停，一直输出，加--no-tream只输出一次

32.docker命令：tag

用于从一个指定的镜像创建另外一个镜像

[root@192 ~]# docker images 
REPOSITORY          TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED          SIZE
xushengkai/centos   v2        efecc194d3d6   37 minutes ago   140MB
xushengkai/centos   v1        10cafe821fec   5 hours ago      231MB
nginx               latest    605c77e624dd   13 months ago    141MB
centos              latest    5d0da3dc9764   17 months ago    231MB
#根据名字创建
[root@192 ~]# docker tag centos:latest  centos:v1
[root@192 ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY          TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED          SIZE
xushengkai/centos   v2        efecc194d3d6   37 minutes ago   140MB
xushengkai/centos   v1        10cafe821fec   5 hours ago      231MB
nginx               latest    605c77e624dd   13 months ago    141MB
centos              latest    5d0da3dc9764   17 months ago    231MB
centos              v1        5d0da3dc9764   17 months ago    231MB
#根据镜像id创建
[root@192 ~]# docker tag 605c77e624dd nginx:v1
[root@192 ~]# docker images 
REPOSITORY          TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED          SIZE
xushengkai/centos   v2        efecc194d3d6   38 minutes ago   140MB
xushengkai/centos   v1        10cafe821fec   5 hours ago      231MB
nginx               latest    605c77e624dd   13 months ago    141MB
nginx               v1        605c77e624dd   13 months ago    141MB
centos              latest    5d0da3dc9764   17 months ago    231MB
centos              v1        5d0da3dc9764   17 months ago    231MB

33.docker命令：top

用于显示指定容器的进程信息

[root@192 ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND       CREATED          STATUS          PORTS     NAMES
1b407e16577f   centos    "/bin/bash"   27 minutes ago   Up 24 minutes             xushengkai
[root@192 ~]# docker top 1b407e16577f 
UID                 PID                 PPID                C                   STIME               TTY                 TIME                CMD
root                8157                8138                0                   16:23               pts/0               00:00:00            /bin/bash

34.docker命令：update

用于调整一个或多个容器的启动配置

[root@192 ~]# docker ps 
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND       CREATED          STATUS          PORTS     NAMES
1b407e16577f   centos    "/bin/bash"   30 minutes ago   Up 27 minutes             xushengkai
#设置开机自启动
[root@192 ~]# docker update --restart=always 1b407e16577f
1b407e16577f

35.docker命令：version和wait

version用于显示docker的版本信息
wait用于捕捉一个或多个容器的退出状态,并返回退出状态码

#查看版本信息
[root@192 ~]# docker version 
Client: Docker Engine - Community
 Version:           23.0.1
 API version:       1.42
 Go version:        go1.19.5
 Git commit:        a5ee5b1
 Built:             Thu Feb  9 19:51:00 2023
 OS/Arch:           linux/amd64
 Context:           default
Server: Docker Engine - Community
 Engine:
  Version:          23.0.1
  API version:      1.42 (minimum version 1.12)
  Go version:       go1.19.5
  Git commit:       bc3805a
  Built:            Thu Feb  9 19:48:42 2023
  OS/Arch:          linux/amd64
  Experimental:     false
 containerd:
  Version:          1.6.16
  GitCommit:        31aa4358a36870b21a992d3ad2bef29e1d693bec
 runc:
  Version:          1.1.4
  GitCommit:        v1.1.4-0-g5fd4c4d
 docker-init:
  Version:          0.19.0
  GitCommit:        de40ad0
#监听容器的退出状态并返回状态码
[root@192 ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND       CREATED          STATUS          PORTS     NAMES
1b407e16577f   centos    "/bin/bash"   36 minutes ago   Up 33 minutes             xushengkai
[root@192 ~]# docker wait 1b407e16577f
0      //打开新的窗口stop容器进程

36.docker命令：login && logout && push

login用于登陆docker hub官方公有仓库

logout用于登出docker hub官方公有仓库

push用于将本地镜像提交到docker hub
DockerHub官方公有镜像仓库：https://hub.docker.com

容器自动化（一）Docker基础

一.docker的安装

二.docker操作命令

1.docker命令：search

2.docker命令：pull

3.docker命令：images

4.dokcer命令：build

5.docker命令：run

6.docker命令：ps

7.docker命令：attach

8.docker命令：stop

9.docker：start

10.docker命令：rm

11.docker命令：rmi

12.docker命令：commit

13.docker命令：exec

14.docker命令：cp

15.docker命令：create

16.docker命令：diff

17.docker命令：events

18.docker命令：export

19.docker命令：import

20.docker命令：history

21.docker命令：info

22.docker命令：inspect

23.docker命令：kill

24.docker命令：save

25.docker命令：load

26.docker命令：logs

27.docker命令：pause && unpause

28.docker命令：port

29.docker命令：rename

30.docker命令：restart

31.docker命令：stats

32.docker命令：tag

33.docker命令：top

34.docker命令：update

35.docker命令：version和wait

36.docker命令：login && logout && push

内容目录

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