@john-lee 2021-01-03T11:37:42.000000Z 字数 4166 阅读 855

BSD 套接字 API 和 Boost.Asio(The BSD Socket API and Boost.Asio)

Boost.Asio

Boost.Asio 库包括一个基于 BSD 套接字 API 的底层socket接口，该接口广泛实现并得到大量文献的支持。它还用作其他语言（如 Java）中的 API 网络基础。此低级接口旨在支持高效且可扩展的应用程序开发。例如，它允许程序员对系统调用的数量进行更精细的控制，避免冗余的数据复制，最大限度地减少对资源（如线程）的使用，等等。

不包括 BSD 套接字 API 的不安全和易出错方面。例如，使用int表示所有套接字缺乏类型安全性。Boost.Asio 中的套接字表示对每个协议使用不同的类型，例如，对于 TCP，使用ip::TCP::socket，对于 UDP，使用ip::UDP::socket。

下表显示了 BSD 套接字 API 和 Boost.Asio 之间的映射：

BSD 套接字 API 元素	Boost.Asio 中的等效项
套接字描述符 - `int`(POSIX)或`SOCKET`(Windows)	For TCP： `ip::tcp::socket`，`ip::tcp::acceptor` For UDP：`ip::udp::socket` `basic_socket`, `basic_stream_socket`, `basic_datagram_socket`, `basic_raw_socket`
`in_addr`,`in6_addr`	`ip::address`, `ip::address_v4`, `ip::address_v6`
`sockaddr_in`,`sockaddr_in6`	For TCP：`ip::tcp::endpoint` For UDP：`ip::udp::endpoint` `ip::basic_endpoint`
`accept()`	For TCP：`ip::tcp::acceptor::accept()` `basic_socket_acceptor::accept()`
`bind()`	For TCP：`ip::tcp::acceptor::bind()`, `ip::tcp::socket::bind()` For UDP：`ip::udp::bind()` `basic_socket::bind()`
`close()`	For TCP：`ip::tcp::acceptor::close()`, `ip::tcp::socket::close()` For UDP：`ip::udp::socket::close()` `basic_socket::close()`
`connect()`	For TCP：`ip::tcp::socket::connect()` For UDP：`ip::udp::socket::connect()` `basic_socket::connect()`
`getaddrinfo()`, `gethostbyaddr()`, `gethostbyname()`, `getnameinfo()`, `getservbyname()`, `getservbyport()`	For TCP：`ip::tcp::resolver::resolve()`, `ip::tcp::resolver::async_resolve()` For UDP：`ip::udp::resolver::resolve()`, `ip::udp::resolver::async_resolve()` `ip::basic_resolver::resolve()`, `ip::basic_resolver::async_resolve()`
`gethostname()`	`ip::host_name()`
`getpeername()`	For TCP：`ip::tcp::socket::remote_endpoint()` For UDP：`ip::udp::socket::remote_endpoint()` `basic_socket::remote_endpoint()`
`getsockname()`	For TCP：`ip::tcp::acceptor::local_endpoint()`, `ip::tcp::socket::local_endpoint()` For UDP：`ip::udp::socket::local_endpoint()` `basic_socket::local_endpoint()`
`getsockopt()`	For TCP：`ip::tcp::acceptor::get_option()`, `ip::tcp::socket::get_option()` For UDP：`ip::udp::socket::get_option()` `basic_socket::get_option()`
`inet_addr()`, `inet_aton()`, `inet_pton()`	`ip::address::from_string()`, `ip::address_v4::from_string()`, `ip_address_v6::from_string()`
`inet_ntoa()`, `inet_ntop()`	`ip::address::to_string()`, `ip::address_v4::to_string()`, `ip::address_v6::to_string()`
`ioctl()`	For TCP：`ip::tcp::socket::io_control()` For UDP：`ip::udp::io_control()` `basic_socket::io_control()`
`listen()`	For TCP：`ip::tcp::acceptor::listen()` `basic_socket_acceptor::listen()`
`poll()`, `select()`, `pselect()`	`io_context::run()`, `io_context::run_one()`, `io_context::poll()`, `io_context::poll_one()` 注意：与异步操作结合使用。
`readv()`, `recv()`, `read()`	For TCP：`ip::tcp::socket::read_some()`, `ip::tcp::socket::async_read_some()`, `ip::tcp::socket::receive()`, `ip::tcp::socket::async_receive()` For UDP：`ip::udp::socket::receive()`, `ip::udp::socket::async_receive()` `basic_stream_socket::read_some()`, `basic_stream_socket::async_read_some()`, `basic_stream_socket::receive()`, `basic_stream_socket::async_receive()`, `basic_datagram_socket::receive()`, `basic_datagram_socket::async_receive()`
`recvfrom()`	For UDP：`ip::udp::socket::receive_from()`, `ip::udp::async_receive_from()` `basic_datagram_socket::receive_from()`, `basic_datagram_socket::async_receive_from()`
`send()`, `write()`, `writev()`	For TCP： `ip::tcp::socket::write_some()`, `ip::tcp::socket::async_write_some()`, `ip::tcp::socket::send()`, `ip::tcp::socket::async_send()` For UDP： `ip::udp::socket::send()`, `ip::udp::socket::async_send()` `basic_stream_socket::write_some()`, `basic_stream_socket::async_write_some()`, `basic_stream_socket::send()`, `basic_stream_socket::async_send()`, `basic_datagram_socket::send()`, `basic_datagram_socket::async_send()`
`sendto()`	For UDP：`ip::udp::socket::send_to()`, `ip::udp::socket::async_send_to()` `basic_datagram_socket::send_to()`, `basic_datagram_socket::async_send_to()`
`setsockopt()`	For TCP： `ip::tcp::acceptor::set_option()`, `ip::tcp::socket::set_option()` For UDP： `ip::udp::socket::set_option()` `basic_socket::set_option()`
`shutdown()`	For TCP：`ip::tcp::socket::shutdown()` For UDP： ip::udp::socket::shutdown()`<br/>`basic_socket::shutdown()`
`sockatmark()`	For TCP：`ip::tcp::socket::at_mark()` `basic_socket::at_mark()`
`socket()`	For TCP：`ip::tcp::acceptor::open()`, `ip::tcp::socket::open()` For UDP： `ip::udp::socket::open()` `basic_socket::open()`
`socketpair()`	`local::connect_pair()` 注意：仅 POSIX 操作系统。

Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)

BSD 套接字 API 和 Boost.Asio(The BSD Socket API and Boost.Asio)

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