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@SuperMan 2016-06-16T09:51:51.000000Z 字数 1047 阅读 748

计算物理第四次作业


作者:夏海峰 学号:2013301020094

摘要

题目

  • It is often the case that the frictional force on an object will increase as the object moves faster. A fortunate example of this is a parachutist; the role of the parachute is to produce a frictional force due to air drag , which is larger than would normally be the case without the parachute. The physics of air drag will be discussed in more detail in the next chapter. Here we consider a very simple example in which the frictional force depends on the velocity. Assume that the velocity of an object obeys an equation of the form where a and b are constants. You could think of a as coming from an applied force such as gravity, while arises from friction. Note that the frictional force is negative(we assume that b > 0 ), so that it opposes the motion, and that it increases in magnitude as the velocity increases. Use the Euler method to solve the equation for v as a function of time.
  • 方程

解决方法

  • 所需函数库:matplotlib
  • 所需对应语句: form pylab import*
  • 具体计算方法:数值计算法、欧拉法近似求解
  • 用欧拉法来近似求解微分方程
  • 所用公式:
  • 时间间隔dt选取得越短,则模拟计算越精确
  • 参数选取a=5;b=3,初速度v=20m/s
  • 所用程序4nd_homework.py
  • 由程序绘制得到图像如下图所示:
  • 当初速度为v=50时:
    Photo

结论

  • 由图可看出,物体的速度在逐渐减小后达到平衡。此时应有,重力和空气阻力大小相等,方向相反。物体受力平衡,做匀速直线运动。
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