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@yanglt7 2018-10-21T15:57:41.000000Z 字数 9344 阅读 703

【Web 集群实战】19_Nginx 反向代理与负载均衡

Web集群实战

1. 集群简介

1.1 集群特点

1.2 集群的常见分类

2. Nginx 负载均衡集群

2.1 反向代理与负载均衡概念简介

2.2 实现 Nginx 负载均衡的组件

Nginx http 功能模块 模块说明
ngx_http_proxy_module proxy 代理模块，用于把请求后抛给服务器节点或 upstream 服务器池
ngx_http_upstream_module 负载均衡模块，可实现网站的负载均衡功能及节点的健康检查

2.3 快速实践 Nginx 负载均衡准备

HOSTNAME IP 说明
lb001 192.168.2.147 Nginx 主负载均衡器
lb002 192.168.2.148 Nginx 辅负载均衡器
web001 192.168.2.145 web001 服务器
web002 192.168.2.146 web002 服务器

【Web 集群实战】06_Nginx 安装与虚拟主机配置

  1. [root@web002 conf]# cat nginx.conf
  2. worker_processes  1;
  3. error_log logs/error.log;
  4. events {
  5.     worker_connections  1024;
  6. }
  7. http {
  8.     include       mime.types;
  9.     default_type  application/octet-stream;
  10.     log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
  11.                       '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
  12.                       '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
  13.     sendfile        on;
  14.     keepalive_timeout  65;
  15. include extra/bbs.conf;
  16. include extra/www.conf;
  17. }
  19. [root@web002 conf]# cat extra/www.conf
  20. server {
  21.         listen       80;
  22.         server_name  www.yangyangyang.org;
  23.     location / {
  24.         root   html/www;
  25.         index  index.html index.htm;
  26.     }
  27.         access_log logs/access_www.log main gzip buffer=32k flush=5s;
  28. }
  30. [root@web002 conf]# cat extra/bbs.conf
  31. #bbs virtualhost by ylt
  32. server {
  33.         listen       80;
  34.         server_name  bbs.yangyangyang.org;
  35.     location / {
  36.         root   html/bbs;
  37.         index  index.html index.htm;
  38.     }
  39. }
  1. [root@web002 conf]# /application/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
  2. nginx: the configuration file /application/nginx-1.14.0//conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
  3. nginx: configuration file /application/nginx-1.14.0//conf/nginx.conf test is successful
  4. [root@web002 conf]# /application/nginx/sbin/nginx
  1. [root@web001 html]# cat www/index.html
  2. 192.168.2.145 www
  3. [root@web001 html]# cat bbs/index.html
  4. 192.168.2.145 bbs
  6. [root@web002 html]# cat bbs/index.html
  7. 192.168.2.146 bbs
  8. [root@web002 html]# cat www/index.html
  9. 192.168.2.146 www
  1. [root@lb001 ~]# tail -1 /etc/hosts
  2. 192.168.2.145 www.yangyangyang.org bbs.yangyangyang.org
  3. [root@lb001 ~]# curl www.yangyangyang.org
  4. 192.168.2.145 www
  5. [root@lb001 ~]# curl bbs.yangyangyang.org
  6. 192.168.2.145 bbs
  1. [root@lb001 ~]# tail -1 /etc/hosts
  2. 192.168.2.146 www.yangyangyang.org bbs.yangyangyang.org
  3. [root@lb001 ~]# curl www.yangyangyang.org
  4. 192.168.2.146 www
  5. [root@lb001 ~]# curl bbs.yangyangyang.org
  6. 192.168.2.146 bbs

2.4 实现一个简单的负载均衡

  1. [root@lb001 conf]# cat nginx.conf
  2. worker_processes  1;
  3. error_log logs/error.log;
  4. events {
  5.     worker_connections  1024;
  6. }
  7. http {
  8.     include       mime.types;
  9.     default_type  application/octet-stream;
  10.     log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
  11.                       '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
  12.                       '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
  13.     sendfile        on;
  14.     keepalive_timeout  65;
  15.     upstream www_server_pools {
  16.                 server 192.168.2.145:80 weight=1;
  17.                 server 192.168.2.146:80 weight=1;
  18.         }
  19.         server {
  20.                 listen 80;
  21.                 server_name www.yangyangyang.org;
  22.                 location / {
  23.                         proxy_pass http://www_server_pools;
  24.                 }
  25.         }
  26. }
  1. [root@web002 conf]# /application/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
  2. nginx: the configuration file /application/nginx-1.14.0//conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
  3. nginx: configuration file /application/nginx-1.14.0//conf/nginx.conf test is successful
  4. [root@web002 conf]# /application/nginx/sbin/nginx
  1. [root@lb001 conf]# tail -1 /etc/hosts
  2. 192.168.2.147 www.yangyangyang.org 
  4. [root@lb001 conf]# curl www.yangyangyang.org
  5. 192.168.2.145 bbs
  6. [root@lb001 conf]# curl www.yangyangyang.org
  7. 192.168.2.146 bbs
  8. [root@lb001 conf]# curl www.yangyangyang.org
  9. 192.168.2.145 bbs
  10. [root@lb001 conf]# curl www.yangyangyang.org
  11. 192.168.2.146 bbs

2.5 反向代理多虚拟主机节点

  1. [root@web001 logs]# tail -2 access_www.log
  2. 192.168.2.133 - - [10/Oct/2018:22:45:50 +0800] "GET / HTTP/1.0" 200 36 "-" "curl/7.29.0"
  3. 192.168.2.133 - - [10/Oct/2018:22:45:52 +0800] "GET / HTTP/1.0" 200 36 "-" "curl/7.29.0"
  1. proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $remote_addr;
  1. worker_processes  1;
  2. error_log logs/error.log;
  3. events {
  4.     worker_connections  1024;
  5. }
  6. http {
  7.     include       mime.types;
  8.     default_type  application/octet-stream;
  9.     log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
  10.                       '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
  11.                       '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
  12.     sendfile        on;
  13.     keepalive_timeout  65;
  14.     upstream www_server_pools {
  15.                 server 192.168.2.145:80 weight=1;
  16.                 server 192.168.2.146:80 weight=1;
  17.         }
  18.         server {
  19.                 listen 80;
  20.                 server_name www.yangyangyang.org;
  21.                 location / {
  22.                         proxy_pass http://www_server_pools;
  23.                         proxy_set_header Host $host;
  24.                 }
  25.         }
  26. }
  1. [root@web002 conf]# /application/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
  2. [root@lb001 conf]# curl www.yangyangyang.org
  3. 192.168.2.145 www
  4. [root@lb001 conf]# curl www.yangyangyang.org
  5. 192.168.2.146 www

2.6 反向代理后的节点服务器记录用户 IP

  1. [root@web001 logs]# tail -2 access_www.log
  2. 192.168.2.147 - - [10/Oct/2018:22:45:50 +0800] "GET / HTTP/1.0" 200 36 "-" "curl/7.29.0"
  3. 192.168.2.147 - - [10/Oct/2018:22:45:52 +0800] "GET / HTTP/1.0" 200 36 "-" "curl/7.29.0"
  1.     proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $remote_addr;
  1. worker_processes  1;
  2. error_log logs/error.log;
  3. events {
  4.     worker_connections  1024;
  5. }
  6. http {
  7.     include       mime.types;
  8.     default_type  application/octet-stream;
  9.     log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
  10.                       '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
  11.                       '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
  12.     sendfile        on;
  13.     keepalive_timeout  65;
  14.     upstream www_server_pools {
  15.                 server 192.168.2.145:80 weight=1;
  16.                 server 192.168.2.146:80 weight=1;
  17.         }
  18.         server {
  19.                 listen 80;
  20.                 server_name www.yangyangyang.org;
  21.                 location / {
  22.                         proxy_pass http://www_server_pools;
  23.                         proxy_set_header Host $host;
  24.                         proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $remote_addr;
  25.                 }
  26.         }
  27. }
  1. [root@lb001 conf]# /application/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload

2.7 根据 URL 中的目录地址实现代理转发

背景

需求分析

配置

  1. [root@lb001 conf]# cat nginx.conf
  2. worker_processes  1;
  3. error_log logs/error.log;
  4. events {
  5.     worker_connections  1024;
  6. }
  7. http {
  8.     include       mime.types;
  9.     default_type  application/octet-stream;
  10.     log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
  11.                       '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
  12.                       '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
  13.     sendfile        on;
  14.     keepalive_timeout  65;
  15.     upstream static_pools {
  16.         server 192.168.2.145:80 weight=1;
  17.     }
  18.     upstream upload_pools {
  19.         server 192.168.2.146:80 weight=1;
  20.     }
  21.     upstream default_pools {
  22.         server 192.168.2.148:80 weight=1;
  23.     }
  24.     server {
  25.         listen 80;
  26.         server_name www.yangyangyang.org;
  27.         location / {
  28.                 proxy_pass http://default_pools;
  29.                 include proxy.conf;
  30.         }
  31.         location /static/ {
  32.                 proxy_pass http://static_pools;
  33.                 include proxy.conf;
  34.         }
  35.         location /upload/ {
  36.                 proxy_pass http://upload_pools;
  37.                 include proxy.conf;
  38.         }
  39.     }
  40. }
  42. [root@lb001 conf]# /application/nginx/sbin/nginx
  43. [root@lb001 conf]# /application/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
  44. nginx: the configuration file /application/nginx-1.14.0//conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
  45. nginx: configuration file /application/nginx-1.14.0//conf/nginx.conf test is successful
  46. [root@lb001 conf]# /application/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
  1. [root@web001 ~]# tail -1 /etc/hosts
  2. 192.168.2.145 www.yangyangyang.org bbs.yangyangyang.org
  4. [root@web001 ~]# /application/nginx/sbin/nginx
  5. [root@web001 ~]# /application/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
  6. nginx: the configuration file /application/nginx-1.14.0//conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
  7. nginx: configuration file /application/nginx-1.14.0//conf/nginx.conf test is successful
  8. [root@web001 ~]# /application/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
  10. [root@web001 ~]# cd /application/nginx/html/www/
  11. [root@web001 www]# mkdir -p static
  12. [root@web001 www]# echo static_pools >static/index.html
  13. [root@web001 www]# cat static/index.html
  14. static_pools
  15. [root@web001 www]# curl www.yangyangyang.org/static/index.html
  16. static_pools
  1. [root@web002 ~]# /application/nginx/sbin/nginx
  2. [root@web002 ~]# /application/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
  3. nginx: the configuration file /application/nginx-1.14.0//conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
  4. nginx: configuration file /application/nginx-1.14.0//conf/nginx.conf test is successful
  5. [root@web002 ~]# /application/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
  7. [root@web002 ~]# tail -1 /etc/hosts
  8. 192.168.2.146 www.yangyangyang.org bbs.yangyangyang.org
  10. [root@web002 ~]# cd /application/nginx/html/www/
  11. [root@web002 www]# mkdir -p upload
  12. [root@web002 www]# echo upload_pools >upload/index.html
  13. [root@web002 www]# cat upload/index.html
  14. upload_pools
  15. [root@web002 www]# curl www.yangyangyang.org/upload/index.html
  16. upload_pools
  1. [root@web003 ~]#  /application/nginx/sbin/nginx
  2. [root@web003 ~]# nginx: the configuration file /application/nginx-1.14.0//conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
  3. nginx: configuration file /application/nginx-1.14.0//conf/nginx.conf test is successful
  4. [root@web003 ~]#  /application/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
  6. [root@web003 ~]# tail -1 /etc/hosts
  7. 192.168.2.150 www.yangyangyang.org bbs.yangyangyang.org
  9. [root@web003 ~]# cd /application/nginx/html/www/
  10. [root@web003 www]# echo default_pools >index.html
  11. [root@web003 www]# cat index.html
  12. default_pools
  13. [root@web003 www]# curl www.yangyangyang.org
  14. default_pools

static

upload

default

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