坏人变好人的第一步

The first step in turning a bad guy into a good guy

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仁泽法师 开示
Dhamma Talks
Ven. Master. Renze (考虑是否使用上师的名号）

昨天讲到了发菩提心的次第，生起菩提心是一定有次第的。
Yesterday I talked about the sequence of generating bodhicitta. There must be a sequence for generating bodhicitta.
如果曾经过去生中，或这一生没有修过菩提心的人，直接就可以把菩提心发起来，那是不可能的事情。
If someone had never cultivated bodhicitta in their past lives, or hasn’t practised bodhicitta in this life, it is impossible to generate bodhicitta directly.
即使是过去世修菩提心有一定成就的人，但是因为隔世之谜，他还是需要从前面的开始修习，
Even if a person had some achievements in cultivating bodhicitta in past lives, he still needs to start from the beginning, because of the confusion of rebirth.
只不过他修得比较快，可以快速地从知母开始。
But he can practice faster, and quickly start by recognizing that all sentient beings have been our mothers.
其实知母是很困难的一件事情，念恩相对来说比较容易，知母念恩，
In fact, it is very difficult to recognize that all sentient beings have been our mothers. It is relatively easier to remember their kindness, to recognize their kindness and remember it.
绝大部分人第二步念恩就比较容易一点，但是有个别的人说念恩也很困难，那就是他自己的事情、他自己的业。
It is easier for most people to remember their parents’kindness in the second step.However, someone says that it is also very difficult for him to remember his parents’kindness. That is his own business, his own karma.
我们一切的善念、修行的开始就是念恩。
The beginning of all our good intentions and practice is to remember our parents’kindness.
儒家文化也好，不管是什么文化，基督教师父是研究过的，
Whether it is Confucian or any other culture, I have studied Christianity,
我妈信基督教几十年了，他们信基督教的人最重要的就是感恩，
My mother has been a Christian for decades, and the most important thing for Christians is to be grateful,
修这个感恩的心，无论哪一个宗教都是一样的，包括我们儒家的文化。
Cultivating this grateful heart is the same in any religion, including our own Confucian culture.
一个人的善念的开始就是感恩，你看众生都是会不断地下地狱的。
A person's kind thoughts start with gratitude, and you can see that all living beings will continue to fall into the hell.
从地狱里出来非常自私、非常恶的一个众生，
A very selfish, very evil living being who came out of hell.
怎么让他从自私自利、损人利己的心里面转过来生起一个善心、善念来呢？
How can he turn his selfish heart that harms others to benefit himself to generate a kind heart and good thoughts?
就是感恩，只有从感恩开始。
It is all about gratitude, and gratitude is where it all begins.
感恩是修善心、修善念的第一步，不管你是感谁的恩，你必须要感恩。
Gratitude is the first step in cultivating good hearts and thoughts. No matter whom you are grateful to, you must be grateful.
我们末法时代的众生，不要说普通的众生，就是我们现在大部分的佛教徒，这个感恩的心都是不够的，
In the age of declining Dharma, not for ordinary sentient beings, even for most Buddhists, this grateful heart is still not enough.
我们骂别人“忘恩负义，”其实我们每个人都是忘恩负义，真的，因为人自私嘛。
We abuse others who are "ungrateful". In fact, each of us is ungrateful, It's true, because we are selfish.
别人对你有恩的时候，今天对你有恩，打对（比）方你急着要用钱，很着急，心急如焚，着急地问人家借钱，
When others are kind to you, they are kind to you today. For example, if you are anxious for using some money, very anxious, burning with anxiety, and ask someone to borrow money urgently,
借一万块钱、二万块钱给你，“哎呀，真是太感谢了，感谢，感谢！”
When someone lends you 10,000 or 20,000 dollars, you say: "Oh, thank you so much, thank you, thank you!"
但是过了一个月、两个月，答应好了要还的，到时候不还了，
You promised to pay it back, but after a month or two, you don't want to pay back the money.
人家问你要，你就会生气。
You will get angry when the people ask you to pay it back.
你自己答应要还的，但是你不还,别人问你要，你还会不高兴：“这个人怎么搞的，我都没有钱你还问我要钱”，你心里就不高兴了。
You promised to pay it back, but you don't want to pay it back. If someone asks you for the money, you will be unhappy: "What's wrong with him? I don't have any money, but he still asks me for money." You feel unhappy.
问你来要钱的时候，很少人会高兴的，很少人会觉得很惭愧，
When asked to pay back money, very few people will be happy, and very few people will feel ashamed.
就向人家解释一下，或者你真的没有钱，作为借钱的人，至少给人家一个承诺吧，应该是这样子的。
It is better to explain, or if you really have no money, as a borrower, at least give the lender a commitment. It should be like this.
从这个方面说，人的感恩的心是很容易忘的，所以叫忘恩嘛。
From this aspect, it is easy for people to forget gratitude, so it is called ungratefulness.
当时肯定是感恩的，但是过一段时间这个恩就忘掉了，就忘恩了，
At the time, they were certainly grateful, but after a while, this kindness was forgotten, and they were ungrateful.
众生都是很容易忘掉这个恩情的。
All living beings are prone to forget this kindness.
打比方父母的恩，我们说母恩——这个母恩太大了，但是现在的人都是很容易忘恩的，就是很容易忘掉,
For example, the kindness of parents, which we call “mother's kindness”—is too great, but nowadays, people are very easily ungrateful, that is, they easily forget mother's kindness.
当然小孩子可能是不懂。
Of course, children may not understand.
小时候母亲对自己的恩都是很大，十月怀胎不说了，
A mother is very kind to her children when they are young, not to mention her ten-month pregnancy.
你从生下来给你喂奶，小孩子也是有记忆的，不断地给他喂奶，他就知道叫“妈妈”，一岁两岁慢慢地带大。
The mother breast-feeds her child from birth. The child has a memory, so he knows to call "mummy", when he is fed constantly. One year old, two years old---, the child gradually grows up.
小时候他还是记得，如果母亲离开她，他就会哭的，父母是他唯一的依靠。
As a child, he still remembered the kindness. If his mother had left, he would have cried, and his parents were the only ones he relied on.
一没有父母了，小孩子就会哭得不行了，那是他的天，对幼儿来说，父母就是他的天，如果父母没有了，天就塌下来了。
As soon as there are no parents, the child will cry. For a child, his parents are his heaven. If there are no parents, the heavens will fall.
对幼儿来说，这是他唯一的最大的保护伞，唯一的依靠。
For the toddler, it is the single most important safeguard, the only one on which to rely.
小时候你是知道，你在几岁的时候就知道了，但是长大了以后你这些恩都忘得光光的了，你还能记得小时候父母是你唯一的依靠？
You knew it when you were a child. You knew it when you were a few years old. But you forget all these kindnesses as you grow older. Can you still remember that when you were a child, your parents were the only ones you relied on?
对你的恩情这辈子你想报都很困难，除非你把他送到极乐世界去了，送他上西天你的恩才能报。
It is very difficult for you to repay their kindness in this life, unless you send them to Pure Land. You can only repay their kindness by sending them to the Western Paradise.
就是说今世父母的恩，你要报，不是很容易报得了的。
That is to say, if you want to repay the kindness of your parents in this life, it is not easy.
但是我们众生都是很容易忘恩的，很容易忘掉这个恩，你能回忆得起来吗？
But all living beings are very easily ungrateful, and it is easy to forget this kindness. Can you remember it?
父母对你的恩有多少？很多都忘掉了，这就是众生。
How much kindness do your parents give you? Many of them have been forgotten. This is all sentient beings.
过去的人为什么那么孝？就是他不忘恩，他记得，很小的时候就记得父母对他好，心里面感恩的心在那里，
Why were people so filial in the past? It was because they did not forget this kindness. They remembered, from a very young age, that their parents had been kind to them, and there was gratitude in their hearts.
过去人他的那个孝，当然教育是一方面，有些人与生俱来他的德性在，自然就会孝。
For the filial piety of people in the past, of course, education was an important factor, but some people were born with their virtues and were naturally filial.
我们都知道宣化上人，他就是大孝，像他那个年代估计也没读过多少书，他文化水平好像不是很高，从小估计也没受过什么教育，
Venerable Master Hsuan Hua is well known for his great filial piety. He probably didn't read much in his time. He didn't seem to have a very high level of education. He probably hadn't had much education since he was a child.
父母也死得早，但是他的孝心一般人是没办法比的。
His parents also died early, but his filial piety was unmatched by ordinary people.
他守孝三年，可以在父母的坟前搭个茅棚住三年。
He kept mourning for three years and built a hut in front of his parents' grave to live in for three years.
古代的人真的做得到，三年他能够发自内心的一种哀伤，他不是那种形式上的。
People in ancient times could really do it. For three years, his grief was from his heart, not only in form.
后来的人因为受到儒家文化的影响，形式上的东西做得很好看，但是内心里没有真正对父母的一种哀思，
Because of the influence of Confucian culture, later people did a good-looking thing in form, but there was no real mourning for their parents in their hearts.
这是一种发自内心的一种哀思，而不是做给别人看的。
This is a kind of mourning from the heart, not for others to see.
搭个茅棚在那住三年，让别人看：“哦！这是个大孝子。”
Build a hut and live there for three years, so that others can see: "Oh! This is a great filial son.”
给自己造名声的，不是这样子的。
to create a good reputation for himself, not like this.
人家的孝真的是可以做得到，发自内心的感恩，他感恩心特别强，才能够去做到这一点。
His filial piety can really be done with heartfelt gratitude, and his gratitude is very strong, so that he can do this.
我们中国人的文化里也有，滴水之恩当涌泉相报，中国人有这种说法，
In our Chinese culture, we also have this saying “Dripping water's grace should be repaid with a spring.”

这是讲义的人，他（它）就是说一定不能忘记别人对你的恩情。
It refers to a person with loyalty, and it means that you must not forget the kindness of others towards you.
一个忘恩的人他一定是负义的人，忘恩就负义，负义的话你这人就很自私，为什么呢？
An ungrateful person must be unrighteous. If you are ungrateful,you will be unrighteous, so you will be very selfish. Why?
因为你把别人对你的恩都忘掉了，你想的都是自己的利益嘛，你这个人肯定是很自私的，你的脑袋里装的都是自己的利和名，欲望啊！
Because you have forgotten the kindness of others given to you, and all you think about is your own interests. You must be very selfish, and all you have in your mind is your own profit, fame, and lust!
别人对你的好处你不想着去回报，你没有想着应该回报他，都忘掉了！
You don't think about repaying others. You don't think that you should repay him. You forget all about it!
就像做生意一样的，别人给了你东西你赊账，赊账到了一定的时候不还钱，简单讲就是这样。
It's like doing business, you are given something on credit,but you don't pay it back at a certain time. That's simply how it works.
你今天赊了别人的货，过两天你就不想还钱了，你不想给钱，有点这样的味道了，说得商业的话就是这样。
You take someone's goods on credit today, and in a couple of days,you don't want to pay back the money. You don't want to give money. It's a bit like this to put it in business terms.
有些人是这样的，借了别人的东西，放在自己房间过了一段时间以后，他就不愿意还了，
Someone is like this, when he borrows something from others and leaves it in his room for a period, he is unwilling to return it.
并且他觉得这东西就是他的了，你再问他要回去他心里就不高兴，
And he thinks it belongs to him, and he is not happy if you ask him for it back.
虽然可能也不提，你问他要的时候，他甚至会说没有了，丢了，骗人。
Although it may not be mentioned either, and when you ask for it, he may even say he doesn't have it, lost it, and lied.
当然也有人会还给你，但是他心里就不舒服了，他会觉得这东西怎么就……
Of course, someone will give it back to you, but he won’t feel good about it, or he will think about why it is...
好像他借完了以后一段时间就变成他的了，他就不想还了，很多这样的人，他就忘记了还。
It seems that after he has borrowed it for a while, it becomes his belongings, and he doesn't want to pay it back. Many of these people forget to pay it back.
忘记了还这就是一种忘恩，你就是忘记了还，你也是忘恩。
Forgetting to return it back is a kind of ingratitude. Even if you really forget to return it, you are also ingratitude.
虽然你再忙，你都不应该忘记。
No matter how busy you are, you should never forget.
借来的东西你就应该记得一定要还，暂时忘记是可以的，忘记一两天，
If you borrow something, you must remember to return it. It's okay to forget it temporarily, forget it for a day or two,
但是你不可能一直都忘记掉，一直忘记肯定你这个人就是有问题，你德行就是有问题的。
but you can't forget it all the time. Keeping on forgetting means that there is just something wrong with you as a person and something wrong with your virtue.
师父相信一个有德行的人，借了别人的东西一定是很感恩的，然后用完了以后应该是非常感激地去还给人家，这就是一个人的品德。
I believe that a virtuous person must be very grateful for borrowing something from someone else, and after using it, he will be very grateful to return it. This is a person's morality.
一个最基本的德行这是很重要的！看上去没有什么，但是特别地重要。
Basic virtues are very important! It looks like nothing, but it's especially important.
看上去没什么，“我就是借了你这么个小东西嘛，有什么了不起的，有什么好还的，没什么。”
It looks like nothing. "I just borrowed such a small thing from you. What's a big deal? What's there to pay back? Nothing."
可能觉得：“你那么有钱，你都是亿万富翁了，拿一点钱给我用用有什么关系吗？”
He may think: "You are so rich, you are a billionaire. Does it matter if you give me a little money?"
不应该还呢，他就觉得：“你这么有钱，我借一点钱还用还吗？”他会这样子想，你觉得这样想对不对呀？
It shouldn't be returned. He thinks, "You're so rich, why do I need to pay back a little money I borrowed?" He will think like this. Do you think it is right?
别人有钱关你什么事啊？
What does it matter to you if someone else has money?
比如对方是个亿万富翁，问他借个几千块钱觉得不用还了，他就会这么想，甚至不想还。
For example, if the other person is a billionaire, and is asked to lend you thousands of dollars, and you think it doesn’t need to be paid back, you may think so, or even not want to pay it back.
“你太有钱了，应该给我点用。”
"You are so rich, you should give me some money to use."
众生有这样的心态，这都是不对的，这都是一种不感恩的心。
It is all wrong for living beings to have such a mindset; it is all an ungrateful mind.
也有这种仇富的心态，看到有钱人，你不给他用，他就觉得你这个人很坏，你拿点钱给他用，他就觉得是应该的。
There is also this mentality of hating the rich. When you are rich,
you don't give him money to use, he thinks you are a bad person, and when you take some money and give it to him, he thinks it is deserved.
末法时代的人都是越来越往这个方向走了，这样的人你叫他学佛，师父觉得几乎是不可能的，
People in the age of declining Dharma are moving more and more in this direction. If you ask such a person to study Buddhism, I think it is almost impossible.
但是这样的人佛门里也有的，很多的现象，这种现象都有。
But such people also found in Buddhism, and there are many such phenomena.
感恩的心是一切一切的慈悲心的开始，无论哪个宗教，无论是学什么的都是从感恩开始学的。
Gratitude is the beginning of all compassion, no matter what religion, no matter what you learn, you must learn from gratitude.

备注：
翻译：koala 2022/04/23
审阅：Nina 2022/04/24