快乐的本质和真实的自由（1）

快乐与自由

引言

人类从出生的那一刻开始，
就感受到各种各样的痛苦，
婴儿体验到的痛苦，主要是
饥饿、寒冷，在这两种情况
发生时，他们就会用哭来表达
他们的痛苦，婴儿吃奶的时候，
这种饥饿的痛苦逐渐的减弱，
这就是快乐。当他吃饱的时候，
如果再吃，他就感觉到不舒服了。
所以，他就本能地不吃了。
婴儿在不冷不热、又不饿的时候，这是他的舒适地带，我们可以从他的表情上观察到，
他感到安乐。

随着年龄的增长，儿童期，他的欲求在增长，他喜欢玩耍，喜欢玩具，如果得不到自己喜欢的玩具，就会闷闷不乐，
如果他得到他喜爱的玩具的时候，就会感到快乐。如果他的玩具丢失了，或者损坏了，也会不开心。

当青春期来了的时候，他会对异性产生越来越强烈的喜爱，本能的愿意去和异性交往，然后，从中感到快乐。相反，就会感到郁郁寡欢。如果，他喜欢的异性拒绝和他交往，他就会感到很痛苦。

成年以后，随着他的能力增长，他的欲求越来越多，他可能会有很多的爱好，有些人喜欢唱歌、跳舞、演戏，有些人喜欢武术、运动，有些人喜欢读书、写书，有些人喜欢旅游，有些人喜欢做官，有些人喜欢探索真理。人类会在各种各样的事物中，满足自己的欲求，追求快乐。

大多数的人类，饿了就找食物，冷了就找衣服。就像动物一样，只会本能地去缓解痛苦。很少有人有智慧去思考痛苦的根源是什么，快乐的本质是什么，什么是真正的自由。这本书，我们就来探讨这些问题。

第1章 痛苦的种类

人类的痛苦，主要有两种：第一种是生理上的痛苦，通俗的说法就是身体的痛苦，第二种是心理上的痛苦，主要根源于欲望和情绪，我们把它叫做求不得苦、爱别离苦和怨憎会苦。我们来慢慢的分析。我们先讲身体的痛苦。

身体的痛苦主要有几大类，分别是：病苦，受伤后肉体的疼痛，身体衰老的痛苦，死亡时肉体的痛苦。

人类在生病的时候，身体的病痛在持续地生起，甚至越来越强烈，同时可能伴随着内心紧张、恐惧死亡、担忧工作、担忧儿孙、心疼金钱等等各种心理上的痛苦。

比如，一个人得了急性鼻炎，鼻腔充血，鼻涕堵塞，呼吸困难，头部和肺部都会感到不适，如果用药水点一点，通一通，他会感到舒服，心情也会好。人类在疾病初愈的时候感到身体舒服，心情舒畅。

但是，当人类对病痛的解除或者减轻时，对这种感受的变化就会生起贪着心，希求这种感受的变化保持下去，但事实上，这种感受的变化很快就结束了，所以，当人类的疾病治愈之后，这些快感就会消失。

再如，当一个人饥饿时，他会感到身体软弱无力，胃部感到不适，心慌，如果开始吃东西，他也会一样感到心情舒畅，饥饿的痛苦感逐渐缓解，体力也渐渐恢复。

快乐的来源是痛苦，快乐的本质是痛苦的缓解。可是人类很愚痴，只想要快乐不想要痛苦。痛苦的时间总是很漫长，快乐只是一瞬间。

所谓快乐，“快”是短暂的意思；“乐”是缓解的意思。

The Essence of Happiness and Real Freedom
Introduction

From the moment of birth, we begin to
experience all kinds of sufferings.
Distresses experienced during infancy, mainly, are hunger and cold.
Infants, when in distress, will cry to express their feelings. When fed,
the anxiety of hunger is gradually diminished and then comes the happiness follows. When they are full, if they are continuously fed, they will feel uncomfortable, So, they will instinctively they will stop taking the milk.
In their comfort zone when infants are neither cold, hot nor hungry, through the observation of their expression, we can tell if is they are at ease.

（As they age, infants turns into a toddlers, their desires grows; they likes to play and loves toys, when not getting if they can’t get their favorite toys, they will be unhappy, otherwise, he is overall joyful. If the his toy is lost or damaged, he they will feel irritated.）完全改成下面的一段了：
As infants age, and turn into toddlers, their desires grow; they like playing and love toys, and when not getting a favorite toy, will be unhappy, otherwise, they are overall joyful. If the toy is lost or damaged, they will feel irritated.

As toddlers enter adolescence, interest for the opposite sex will be deepened. His , instincts will bring him them to interact more with the opposite sex, and achieving happiness through this act. If it were otherwise, they will be emotionally down. If the opposite sex they admire were to refuse him them, they will be brokenhearted.

Reaching adulthood, as his their abilities grow, so do his their desires. They may have various hobbies, such as singing, dancing, acting, martial arts, sports, reading and writing; they could be venturous, achieving officialdom and exploring the truth. 改为：some like to travel, some like to achieve prestige, and some like to seek truth

Human beings will satisfy their own desire and pursue happiness through various methods.
成年以后，随着他的能力增长，他的欲求越来越多，他可能会有很多的爱好，有些人喜欢唱歌、跳舞、演戏，有些人喜欢武术、运动，有些人喜欢读书、写书，有些人喜欢旅游，有些人喜欢做官，有些人喜欢探索真理。人类会在各种各样的事物中，满足自己的欲求，追求快乐。

Normally, human beings look for food when they are hungry and, look for clothes when they are cold. Just like animals, they act instinctively to relieve their distressed circumstances. Few have the wisdom to think of the source of suffering, the essence of happiness, and the truth of freedom. In this book, we will explore these questions.

Chapter 1 The Different Types of Sufferings

There are two main human sufferings: the first one is physical pain, which is commonly referred to as pain of the body, and the second one is psychological pain, which is mainly rooted in desires and emotions. We refer to the psychological pain as The Suffering of Not Getting What One Wants, The Suffering of Separation from the Pleasant, and The Suffering of Association with the Unpleasant. Now let’s analyze them in more detail. First talk about physical pain.
我们把它叫做求不得苦、爱别离苦和怨憎会苦。我们来慢慢的分析。我们先讲身体的痛苦。

There are several categories of physical pain which could consist of the following: sicknesses, pain brought by injury; pain due to deterioration caused by aging; and pain brought by death.

When a person is sick, physical pain may be intensified over time; it may be accompanied by various psychological pain such as stress, fear of death, worry about work, worry about children and , grandchildren, and distress about money.

For example, if a person suffers from acute sinusitis, congestion in the nasal cavity, blockage of nasal through mucus, difficulty in breathing, or discomfort in the head and lungs, when medicine is applied, he or she will feel relieved and his or her mood will improve. Humans feel relief physically and emotionally when they first recover from a disease.

However, when human beings are relieved or alleviated from their pain, they will crave for this feeling to continue; this feeling will soon end. When the human disease is cured, the pleasure will disappear.

For another example, when a person is hungry, he or she will feel weak in the body, uncomfortable in the stomach, and anxious. If he or she starts to eat, he or she will also experience the alleviation of his or her mood, the pain of hunger will gradually ease, and his or her physical strength will gradually recover.

The source of happiness (kuài lè) is suffering, and also the essence of happiness (kuài lè) is the relief of suffering. But human beings are ignorant, they only want happiness (kuài lè) and do not want to suffer. Well, suffering is always lingering, happiness (kuài lè) is only at the moment.

What is the meaning of 'kuài’?; It means brief and short-lived, while 'Lè' is to relieve and release.